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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Editor’s Acknowledgements
- Contents
- Notes on Contributors
- Table of Cases
- Table of Instruments
- Model Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)
- Bilateral Investments Treaties (BITs)
- Tripartite Investment Agreement
- Commerce and Navigation Treaties
- Agreements containing investment protection rules
- Commerce, Establishment and Navigation Treaties
- Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and EPAs
- Friendship, Commerce and Consular Relations Treaties
- Friendship, Commerce and Navigation Treaties (FCN Treaties)
- Other Treaties, Conventions and International Instruments
- Table of Legislation
- Main Text
- 1 Introduction: The Development and Importance of the Model Bilateral Investment Treaty
- 2 Austria
- 3 Canada
- 4 China
- I Introduction
- II Chinese Investment Policy
- A Policy-orientation: from Capital-import to both Capital-import and Capital-export
- B Definition of Foreign Investment
- C Historical Foreign Investment Inflows
- D Historical Outward Investment Flows
- E Domestic Legislative and Policy Regime Relating to Foreign Investment
- F Portfolio Investment Regulation
- G Market Access and Price Control
- H Domestic Legal Position on Expropriation
- III China’s Investment Treaties and Free Trade Agreements
- IV Internal Government Issues
- V Commentary on the Model BIT
- VI Concluding Remarks
- Select Bibliography
- 5 Colombia
- I Introduction
- II Investment Law and Policy of Colombia
- III IIAs in Figures—BITs and FTAs
- IV Internal Government Issues
- V Commentary on the Colombian 2009 Model IIA
- A Article I: Definitions
- B Article II: Scope of Application
- C Article III: Promotion, Admission and Protection of Investments
- D Article IV: Treatment of Investments
- E Article V: Free Transfers
- F Article VI: Expropriation and Compensation
- G Article VII: Compensation for Damages or Losses
- H Article VIII: Investment and Environment
- I Settlement of Disputes
- J Article XIII: Final Provisions
- K Rejection of the Umbrella Clause
- VI Concluding Remarks
- Select Bibliography
- 6 France
- I Introduction
- II Overview of France’s Investment Policy and Domestic Legal Framework
- III France’s Bilateral Investment Treaties
- IV Internal Government Issues
- V Commentary on the French Model BIT
- A Preamble
- B Definitions: Qualification for Protection
- C Encouragement and Promotion of Investments
- D Standards of Protection of Investments
- E Settlement of Investment Disputes between the Investor and the Host State
- F Guarantee and Subrogation
- G Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties
- H Final Provisions: Entry into Force and Duration
- VI General Conclusions and Outlook
- Select Bibliography
- 7 Germany
- I Introduction
- II Germany’s Investment Policy
- III Germany’s Bilateral Investment Treaties
- IV Internal Government Issues
- V German Arbitral Practice
- Franz Sedelmayer v Russian Federation
- Siemens AG v Argentine Republic
- Fraport AG Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide v Republic of the Philippines
- OKO Pankki Oyj and others v Republic of Estonia
- Wintershall AG v Argentine Republic
- Walter Bau AG v Thailand
- Inmaris Perestroika Sailing Maritimes Services GmbH and others v Ukraine
- Gustav FW Hamester GmbH & Co KG v Republic of Ghana
- Vattenfall AB, Vattenfall Europe AG, Vattenfall Europe Generation AG & Co KG v Federal Republic of Germany
- GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft v Ukraine
- VI Commentary on Germany’s Model BIT (2009)
- VII Concluding Remarks
- Select Bibliography
- 8 Italy
- 9 Japan
- I Introduction
- II Japan’s Bilateral Investment Treaty and Free Trade Agreement Investment Chapter Programme
- III Internal Government Issues
- IV Commentary on Japan’s BITs and FTA Investment Chapters
- A Scope of Japan’s Investment Treaties
- B Substantive Standards
- C Exceptions
- D ‘Social Clauses’
- E Subrogation
- F Dispute Settlement
- G Final Provisions
- V Conclusion
- Select Bibliography
- 10 Republic of Korea
- 11 Latvia
- 12 NAFTA Chapter 11
- 13 The Netherlands
- 14 Russia
- 15 Singapore
- 16 Switzerland
- 17 United Kingdom
- 18 United States
- I Introduction
- II Investment Policy of the United States
- III Existence of US Bilateral Investment Treaties and Free Trade Agreements with Investment Chapters
- IV Internal US Government Issues
- V Commentary on the 2012 US Model BIT: Article-by-Article Analysis
- A Preamble and Scope and Coverage
- 1 Preamble
- 2 Scope and Coverage—Articles 1 and 2
- i Measures Relating to Investors and Investment—Article 2(1)
- ii State Enterprises and Political Subdivisions—Article 2(2)
- iii Temporal Limitations—Article 2(3)
- B Substantive Obligations, Exceptions and Qualifications, and Entry into Force
- 1 Substantive Obligations
- i National Treatment and Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment—Articles 3 and 4
- ii Minimum Standard of Treatment—Article 5
- iii Expropriation—Article 6
- iv Transfers—Article 7
- v Performance Requirements—Article 8
- vi Senior Management and Boards of Directors—Article 9
- vii Publication of Laws and Decisions Respecting Investment—Article 10
- viii Transparency—Article 11
- ix Investment and the Environment—Article 12
- x Investment and Labour—Article 13
- 2 Exceptions and Qualifications
- i Non-conforming Measures—Article 14(1)–(3)
- ii Exceptions for Certain Intellectual Property Measures, Government Procurement, Subsidies and Grants—Article 14(4)–(5)
- iii Special Formalities and Information Requirements—Article 15
- iv Non-derogation—Article 16
- v Denial of Benefits—Article 17
- vi Essential Security—Article 18
- vii Disclosure of Certain Information—Article 19
- viii Financial Services—Article 20
- ix Taxation—Article 21
- 3 Entry into Force—Article 22
- 1 Substantive Obligations
- C Investor-State Dispute Settlement
- 1 Consultation and Negotiation—Article 23
- 2 Submission of a Claim to Arbitration—Article 24
- 3 Consent to Arbitration—Article 25
- 4 Conditions and Limitations on Consent of Each Party—Article 26
- 5 Selection of Arbitrators—Article 27
- 6 Conduct of the Arbitration—Article 28
- 7 Transparency of Arbitral Proceedings—Article 29
- 8 Governing Law—Article 30
- 9 Interpretation of Annexes—Article 31
- 10 Expert Reports—Article 32
- 11 Consolidation—Article 33
- 12 Awards—Article 34
- 13 Annexes and Footnotes—Article 35
- 14 Service of Documents—Article 36
- D State-State Dispute Settlement—Article 37
- E Specialized Procedures for the Resolution of Disputes concerning Financial Services and Taxation—Articles 20(3)–(5) and 21(2)
- A Preamble and Scope and Coverage
- VI Conclusion
- Select Bibliography
- Further Material
