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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Main Text
- Putting the Great Enterprise into Context
- 1 The Great Enterprise Gets Underway (1946–1955)
- A The Nuclear Commission (29 April–20 May 1946)
- B The Commission on Human Rights (1946–1954)
- C The Sub-Commissions (1947)
- 2 The Agenda (1946)
- Introduction
- 1946—Racism and racial discrimination
- 1948—Minorities
- 1956—Education
- 1957—The child
- The child (1957)
- Persons born out of wedlock (1961)
- The Convention (1989)
- The Special Rapporteur (1990)
- Further developments (1996)
- Exploitation of child labour (1980)
- Children in armed conflict (1984)
- The optional protocols (1994)
- Street children (1993)
- The girl child (1996)
- Children with disabilities (1998)
- Refugee and internally displaced children (1996)
- Child health (1999)
- Education for children (2000)
- Non-discrimination (2000)
- Migrant children (2000)
- Penal law (2000)
- Identity (2000)
- Alternative care (2008)
- Violence against children (2009)
- Child marriage (2013)
- Access to justice (2014)
- Right to engage in play and recreational activities (2014)
- Information technologies and child sexual exploitation (2016)
- The child in humanitarian situations (2018)
- 1957—Employment
- 1960—Religious intolerance
- 1963—Administration of justice
- Freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention and exile (1964)
- Torture (1975)
- States of emergency (1977)
- Enforced or involuntary disappearances (1978)
- Juvenile justice (1985)
- Arbitrary detention (1985)
- Persons detained for reasons of mental ill-health (1980)
- Administrative detention (1985)
- Political prisoners (1988)
- Convention on right of arrested persons to communicate (1961)
- Working group on arbitrary detention (1991)
- Basic principles and guidelines on remedies and procedures on the right of anyone deprived of his or her liberty by arrest or detention to bring proceedings before court (2015)
- Independence and impartiality of the judiciary, jurors and assessors and the independence of lawyers (1986)
- Right to a fair trial (1989)
- Privatization of prisons (1998)
- Death penalty (1997)
- Military justice (2002)
- Integrity of the judicial system (2012)
- 1963—Movement
- 1966—Slavery
- 1967—Armed conflict
- Measures Of Protection For Journalists
- 1968—Science and technology and human rights
- 1970—UN staff members
- 1971—Indigenous peoples
- The Martinez Cobo report (1971–1985)
- The Sub-Commission working group on indigenous populations (1982–2006)
- The UN voluntary fund for indigenous populations (1985)
- International year for the world’s indigenous people (1993)
- International decades of the world’s indigenous people (1994; 2005)
- A permanent forum for indigenous people (1993–2000)
- Special Rapporteur to study the potential utility of treaties between indigenous populations and governments (1989–1999)
- The heritage of indigenous people (1992–1997)
- Indigenous land rights (1997)
- Special Rapporteur on indigenous sovereignty over natural resources (2003)
- A draft declaration (1988–2006)
- Special Rapporteur of the Commission (2001)
- Disappearance of states and other territories for environmental reasons (2004–2005)
- Protection of indigenous peoples in time of conflict (2005)
- Indigenous issues in the Human Rights Council (2006)
- The expert mechanism (2007)
- World conference on indigenous peoples (2014)
- 1971—Youth
- 1975—Self-determination
- 1980—Human rights defenders
- 1981—Non-state actors
- 1984—Persons with disabilities
- 1986—Opinion and expression
- 1987—Health
- 1988—Corruption
- 1989—The environment
- 1990—Transitional justice
- 1992—The rule of law
- 1992—Civil defence forces
- 1993—Women
- Introduction
- Traditional practices affecting the health of women and children: Sub-Commission Special Rapporteur (1983–2006)
- Female genital mutilation (2013)
- The conflict in former Yugoslavia and violence against women (1991–1993)
- The World Conference on human rights and the protection of the human rights of women (1993)
- Declaration on the elimination of violence against women (1993)
- Mainstreaming human rights of women across the UN system (1993)
- Violence against women (1994)
- Traffic in women and girls (1995)
- Violence against women migrant workers (1995)
- Equal rights to property and adequate housing (2000)
- Women, religion and traditions (2002)
- The General Assembly’s in-depth study on violence against women (2003)
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children (2004)
- Working group on discrimination against women in law and in practice (2010)
- Preventable maternal mortality (2009)
- 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2017)
- Towards a convention on violence against women?
- 1996—Sport
- 1997—Nationality
- 1998—Tolerance and pluralism
- 1998—Peace
- 1998—Enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights
- 1999—The right to democracy
- 2001—International solidarity
- 2013—Birth registration: right of everyone to recognition everywhere as a person before the law
- 2013—National policies
- 2013—Equal political participation
- 2014—Firearms
- 2015—World drug problem
- 2015—National follow-up systems
- 3 The Approaches (1955)
- Introduction
- 1955—Advisory services
- 1956–1981—Periodic reports
- 1967—Investigation
- 1967—Regional arrangements
- 1979—National institutions
- 1979—Public information activities
- 1978—Voluntary funds
- The voluntary fund for victims of torture and their families (1978/1981)
- The voluntary fund for indigenous populations (1985)
- The voluntary fund for technical cooperation (1987)
- The voluntary trust fund on contemporary forms of slavery (1991)
- Trust fund for the programme of action for the decade to combat racism and racial discrimination (1985)
- Trust fund for a human rights education programme in Cambodia (1993)
- UPR voluntary trust fund (2007)/Voluntary fund for financial and technical assistance (2007)
- Trust fund to support the participation of least developed countries and small island developing states in the work of the Human Rights Council (2012)
- Special fund for the participation of civil society in the social forum, the forum on minority issues and the forum on business and human rights (2013)
- 1992—Commission reform—special sessions
- 1992—Accountability for human rights crimes
- 2010—Prevention
- 1993—The mandate of the High Commissioner
- 4 Managing the Agenda: Coordination (1955) and Rationalization (1992)
- Introduction
- A The Secretariat (1982–2006)
- B Early efforts at managing the work of the Commission (1952–1966)
- C Rationalization (1992–2006)
- Rationalization post-Vienna (1994)
- The informal open-ended working group (1994)
- Rationalization post-1997 reform (1998–2000)
- The review by the Bureau of the fifty-fourth session (1999)
- The inter-sessional open-ended working group (1999)
- The ‘thorough review’ of the working methods of the Commission (2002–2003)
- Resources (2000)
- The Human Rights Council (2005)
- 5 The ‘Incubation’ of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1968–1992)
- Introduction
- A Implementing economic, social and cultural rights (1968)
- The focus on specific rights
- Property (1954, 1991–1994)
- Popular participation (1983–1991)
- Food (1983)
- People in rural areas (2014)
- Housing (1986)
- Extreme poverty (1989)
- Health (1989)
- Education (1998)
- Water and sanitation (1999)
- The international financial institutions; foreign debt, economic adjustment, structural adjustment policies (1989)
- Trade union rights (1990)
- Unilateral coercive measures (1991)
- Forced evictions (1993)
- Population transfers, settlements (1993)
- Globalization (1999)
- B The right to development (1977)
- Introduction
- The first working group on the right to development (1981)
- The Declaration on the right to development (1984–1986)
- The working group after the adoption of the Declaration (1987)
- The second working group on the right to development (1993)
- The third working group on the right to development (1996)
- The fourth working group on the right to development—and the independent expert (1998)
- High-level task force (2005)
- The Human Rights Council’s Special Rapporteur (2016)
- The Advisory Committee (2017)
- 6 The Emergence of Ad Hoc or Special Procedures (1966)
- Introduction
- A Countries (1967)
- 1967—South Africa
- 1968—Palestine
- Security Council—the Gussing Mission (1967)
- General Assembly—the Special Committee on Israeli practices (1968)
- Commission on Human Rights—the Special Working Group of Experts (1969–1971)
- Commission on Human Rights—the Human Rights Council
- Special Rapporteur (1993)
- Special sessions (2000, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2018)
- Accountability (2015)
- Other special procedures (2002)
- Syria (Golan Heights) (1980)
- Lebanon (1982)
- 1975—Chile
- 1978—Democratic Kampuchea/Cambodia
- 1979—Nicaragua
- 1979—Equatorial Guinea
- 1979—Ethiopia
- 1979—Guatemala
- 1979—Indonesia
- 1979—Republic of Korea
- 1980—Argentina
- 1980—Malawi
- 1981—El Salvador
- 1981—Bolivia
- 1981—German Democratic Republic
- 1981—Japan
- 1981—Mozambique
- 1982—Iran
- 1982—Poland
- 1983—Turkey
- 1984—Afghanistan
- 1984—Benin
- 1984—Malaysia
- 1984—Pakistan
- 1984—Philippines
- 1984—Sri Lanka
- 1985—Uruguay
- 1986—Gabon
- 1987—Haiti
- 1988—Albania
- 1988—Cuba
- 1988—Grenada
- 1989—Romania
- 1989—Burma/1992—Myanmar
- 1990—Brunei Darussalam
- 1990—Panama
- 1990—Paraguay
- 1991—Kuwait
- 1991—Iraq
- 1992—Yugoslavia
- 1992—Bahrain
- 1993—Kenya
- 1993—Georgia
- 1993—Sudan
- 1993—Zaire/1997—Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 1993—Togo
- 1993—Papua New Guinea (Bougainville)
- 1993—Timor-Leste
- 1993—Somalia
- 1994—Burundi
- 1994—Estonia
- 1994—Germany
- 1994—Rwanda
- 1994—Vietnam
- 1995—Latvia
- 1995—Laos
- 1995—Moldova
- 1995—Saudi Arabia
- 1995—Slovenia
- 1995—Thailand
- 1995—Uganda
- 1996—Armenia
- 1996—Azerbaijan
- 1996—Liberia
- 1996—Nigeria
- 1996—Uzbekistan
- 1997—Antigua and Barbuda
- 1997—Botswana
- 1997—Czech Republic
- 1997—Colombia
- 1997—Gambia
- 1997—Lebanon
- 1997—Lithuania
- 1997—Tanzania
- 1997—United States
- 1998—Peru
- 1996—Sierra Leone
- 2000—Chechnya (Russian Federation)
- 2000—Republic of the Congo
- 2000—United Arab Emirates
- 2000—Zimbabwe
- 2001—Maldives
- 2002—Zambia
- 2003—Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
- 2003—Turkmenistan
- 2003—Belarus
- 2003—Chad
- 2003—Djibouti
- 2005—Guantánamo Bay
- 2005—Nepal
- 2006—Kyrgyzstan
- 2009—Honduras
- 2010—Guinea
- 2011—Côte d’Ivoire
- 2011—Libya
- 2011—Yemen
- 2011—South Sudan
- 2011—Syria
- 2011—Tajikistan
- 2012—Mali
- 2012—Eritrea
- 2013—Central African Republic
- 2014—Cameroon
- 2014—Ukraine
- 2017—Venezuela
- B Thematic mandates (1978)
- Introduction
- 1980—Enforced or involuntary disappearance
- 1981—Mass exoduses
- 1982—Summary or arbitrary executions
- 1985—Torture
- 1986—Religious intolerance
- 1987—Mercenaries
- 1990—The child
- 1991—Arbitrary detention
- 1991—Internally displaced persons
- 1993—Racism
- 1993—Opinion and expression
- 1994—Violence against women
- 1994—Independence of judges and lawyers
- 1995—Toxic waste
- 1998—Foreign debt
- 1998—Extreme poverty
- 1998—Education
- 1999—Migrants
- 2000—Food
- 2000—Housing
- 2000—Human rights defenders
- 2001—Indigenous peoples
- 2002—Health
- 2002—People of African descent
- 2004—Trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- 2005—Minority issues
- 2005—International solidarity
- 2005—Countering terrorism
- 2007—Slavery
- 2008—Water and sanitation
- 2009—Cultural rights
- 2010—Peaceful assembly and association
- 2010—Discrimination against women in law and in practice
- 2011—Truth, justice, reparation and non-recurrence
- 2011—Transnational corporations and other business enterprises
- 2011—Equitable international order
- 2012—Environment
- 2013—Older persons
- 2014—Persons with disabilities
- 2014—Unilateral coercive measures
- 2015—Persons with albinism
- 2015—Privacy in the digital age
- 2016—The right to development
- 2016—Sexual orientation and gender identity
- 2017—Persons affected by leprosy
- C The extra-conventional system (1993)
- 7 The Emergence of International Human Rights Law (1969)
- Introduction
- A International human rights law
- The core conventions
- Racial discrimination
- Women (1963)
- Torture (1976)
- The Declaration on the prevention of all persons from being subject to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (1975)
- The Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (1977–1984)
- Optional protocol to the torture convention (2002)
- The child (1951)
- Apartheid
- Migrant workers: exploitation of labour and clandestine trafficking (1973)
- Disappearances (1980–2006)
- Persons with disabilities
- The Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and its optional protocol (2008)
- Non-core conventions
- Declarations and other norms
- Territorial asylum (1967)
- Religious intolerance (1960–1981)
- The right to development (1986)
- Persons belonging to national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities (1978–1992)
- Individuals who are not nationals of the country in which they live (1973–1985)
- Mental health (1991)
- Indigenous peoples (2007)
- Human rights defenders (1998)
- Human rights education and training (2011)
- Right to peace (2016)
- Peasants and other persons working in rural areas (2018)
- B Challenges
- Introduction
- Committee on the elimination of racial discrimination (1970)
- The Human Rights Committee (1977)
- Sessional Group of the Economic and Social Council (1978–1987) Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1987)
- Committee on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (1982)
- C Addressing the challenges (1984)
- The role of the chairpersons (1984)
- Annual meetings of chairpersons (1995 ~)
- Inter-Committee meetings (2002)
- The Alston reports (1989–1997)
- Common core document (1991)
- The High Commissioner (2000)
- The Secretary-General’s proposals (2002)
- The High Commissioner’s proposal (2006)
- The President of the General Assembly (2012)
- General Assembly resolution 68/268 (2014)
- 8 The Great Enterprise Enters the Modern Era (1987–2005)
- Introduction
- A Technical cooperation (1987)
- B The World Public Information Campaign for Human Rights (1988)
- C The World Conference on Human Rights (1990–1993)
- D The High Commissioner (1993)
- A High Commissioner for Human Rights (1965)
- A High Commissioner for Human Rights (1993)
- The Office
- The reform of 1997
- The Millennium Declaration and the Development Goals (2000)
- Further change (2002)
- The high-level panel on threats, challenges and change (2004)
- In larger freedom (2005)
- The Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
- E Mainstreaming the Great Enterprise (1994)
- F Corporate social responsibility (1999)
- Introduction
- The draft norms of the Sub-Commission (2002)
- The global compact
- The Special Representative on business and human rights (2005–2011)
- The framework—protect, respect and remedy (2008)
- The guiding principles for the implementation of the framework (2011)
- The Working Group on human rights and transnational corporations (2011)
- The Forum on Business and Human Rights (2011)
- The Working Group on transnational corporations—towards a treaty? (2014)
- 9 The Great Enterprise Today (2006)
- Introduction
- The Human Rights Council—‘a new era’ (2006)
- Transition (2006–2008)
- Agenda and framework for the programme of work (2007)
- The Universal Periodic Review
- The treaty bodies
- Special procedures
- The complaints procedure
- The advisory committee (2007)
- Expert mechanism on indigenous issues (2007)
- Social forum (2007)
- Forum on minority issues (2007)
- Forum on business and human rights (2011)
- Forum on human rights, democracy and the rule of law (2015)
- The review (2011)
- 10 ‘All human beings …’ and the Great Enterprise
- Introduction
- Communications and complaints (1947)
- Civil society—non-governmental organizations
- The right to petition (1948–1966)
- An optional protocol?
- A High Commissioner?
- Treaty-based complaints procedures
- The Human Rights Committee (1976)
- The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1984)
- The Committee against Torture (1989)
- The Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture (2006)
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2000)
- The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2008)
- The Committee on Enforced Disappearances (2013)
- The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2013)
- The Committee on the Rights of the Child (2014)
- The Committee on Migrant Workers
- Special procedures
- The Human Rights Council and civil society
- Further Material