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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Disclaimer
Foreword
Contents
Table of Cases
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Court of Justice of the European Union
European Commission of Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
Germany, British Zone of Control, Control Commission Court of Criminal Appeal
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia
Permanent Court of International Justice
Un Committee against Torture
UN Human Rights Committee
National Cases
Israel
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Table of Treaties and Other Instruments
Abbreviations
Main Text
Introduction
Part I
1 Understanding International Human Rights Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
2 The Relevance of Human Rights Law to the Activities of Armed Forces
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
3 Features that Distinguish Human Rights Law from the Law of Armed Conflict
3.1 The Origins of Human Rights Law and the Law of Armed Conflict
1.08
1.09
3.2 Asymmetric Application of Human Rights Law v. Symmetric Application of the Law of Armed Conflict
1.10
1.11
3.3 Contrasting Compliance Mechanisms for International Human Rights Law and the Law of Armed Conflict
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
3.4 Key Differences Between the Operation of the Law of Armed Conflict and Human Rights Law
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
4 Understanding Human Rights Law
1.23
4.1 State Obligations in Respect of Human Rights
1.24
4.2 Limitations to Human Rights
1.25
5 Human Rights Law Instruments
1.26
1.27
5.1 UN Treaties and Institutions
1.28
1.29
5.1.1 The Human Rights Council
1.30
1.31
5.1.2 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1.32
5.1.3 Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council and Special Representatives of the UN Secretary-General
1.33
1.34
5.1.4 Treaty bodies (and the Main UN Human Rights Treaties)
1.35
5.1.4.1 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
1.36
1.37
1.38
5.1.4.2 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966
1.39
1.40
5.1.4.3 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965
1.41
1.42
5.1.4.4 Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 1979
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
5.1.4.5 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
5.1.4.6 Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
5.1.4.7 Convention on Enforced Disappearances 2006
1.57
1.58
1.59
5.2 Other Treaties and Standards
1.60
1.61
5.3 Regional Treaties and Arrangements
1.62
5.3.1 European Convention on Human Rights 1950
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
5.3.2 European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights 2000
1.69
1.70
5.3.3 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man 1948
1.71
5.3.4 American Convention on Human Rights 1969
1.72
1.73
1.74
5.3.5 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981
1.75
1.76
1.77
5.3.6 Arab Charter on Human Rights 2004
1.78
5.3.7 ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights 2009
1.79
5.4 Customary International Law
1.80
1.81
6 Liability and Responsibility
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
7 Pleadings Before Human Rights Courts and Other Bodies
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
2 Identifying, Defining, and Classifying the Activities of Armed Forces
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2.01
2.02
2 International Armed Conflict
2.03
2.04
2.05
3 Non-international Armed Conflict
3.1 Common Article 3 and Customary International Law
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
3.1.1 Intensity of Violence
2.10
2.11
2.12
3.1.2 Degree of Organization of Non-State Armed Groups
2.13
3.2 Additional Protocol II
2.14
2.15
3.3 Distinction Between Additional Protocol II and Common Article 3
2.16
2.17
2.18
4 The Interface Between Non-international Armed Conflict and International Armed Conflict
4.1 Participation in a Non-international Armed Conflict by an External State
2.19
2.20
2.21
4.2 Military Assistance by a State to a Non-State Armed Group
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
4.3 Extra-territorial Use of Force Against Individuals
2.27
5 Occupation
2.28
2.29
6 Other Military Activity
6.1 Peace Support Operations
2.30
2.31
2.32
6.2 Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief Operations
2.33
6.3 Military Operations in the Air and in the Maritime Environment
2.34
6.4 Multinational Operations
2.35
7 The Classification of Military Activity
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
3 The Extra-Territorial Applicability of International Human Rights Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
1.1 Jurisdiction in International Human Rights Treaties
3.07
3.08
3.09
1.2 The Approach of Human Rights Treaty Bodies to the Extra-territorial Applicability of Human Rights
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
1.3 ‘Dividing and Tailoring’ Human Rights Obligations
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
1.4 Obligations to Respect, Protect, or Fulfil
3.24
1.5 Human Rights Obligations in Difficult Operational Circumstances
3.25
3.26
1.6 The Role of the Law of Armed Conflict
3.27
2 Categories of Territorial and Extra-territorial Jurisdiction
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3 Territorial Jurisdiction
3.34
3.35
3.1 Jurisdiction on Vessels and Aircraft
3.36
3.37
3.38
4 ‘Effective Control’ Over an Area
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
4.1 Occupation
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
4.2 Indirect ‘Effective Control’
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
4.3 The Exercise of Temporary Control During Military Operations
3.56
3.57
3.58
5 State Agent Authority and Control
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
6 Considerations for the Practitioner
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
4 The Relationship Between the Law of Armed Conflict and International Human Rights Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
2 The Case Law
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
3 The Model Used in This Guide : The ‘Active Hostilities’ and ‘Security Operations’ Frameworks
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
3.1 The ‘Active Hostilities’ Framework
4.30
4.31
4.32
3.2 The ‘Security Operations’ Framework
4.33
4.34
4.35
3.3 International Armed Conflict
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
4.40
3.4 Non-international Armed Conflict
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
3.5 Belligerent Occupation
4.56
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.60
4 Determining the Balance Between the Law of Armed Conflict and International Human Rights Law Under the ‘Active Hostilities’ and ‘Security Operations’ Frameworks
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.1 Complementary Obligations Under the Law of Armed Conflict and International Human Rights Law
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.2 Rule-silence Under One Body of Law
4.67
4.68
4.3 Potentially Conflicting Obligations Under the Law of Armed Conflict and International Human Rights Law
4.69
4.70
4.71
5 Derogation from International Human Rights Law Treaties
4.72
5.1 Derogation in International Armed Conflict
4.73
4.74
5.2 Derogation in Non-international Armed Conflict
4.75
4.76
4.77
6 Conclusions
4.78
4.79
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
Part II
5 Conduct of Hostilities and Targeting
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
5.01
5.02
1.1 When Should the ‘Active Hostilities’ and ‘Security Operations’ Frameworks Be Applied?
5.03
5.04
1.1.1 International Armed Conflict
5.05
5.06
5.07
1.1.2 Non-international Armed Conflict
5.08
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
1.1.3 Belligerent Occupation
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
1.1.4 The Extraterritorial Use of Force Against a Non-State Armed Group in the Territory of a Third State Not Party to an Armed Conflict
5.20
1.2 Key Human Rights Law Provisions Relevant to the Conduct of Hostilities and Targeting
5.21
1.2.1 The Right to Life
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
1.2.2 The Right to Respect for the Home and the Right to Property
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
2 Principles of Targeting
2.1 The ‘Active Hostilities’ Framework
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
2.2 The ‘Security Operations’ Framework
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
2.2.1 The Use of ‘Less-lethal’ Force
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
3 Precautions in Attack
5.57
3.1 Target Verification
3.1.1 The ‘Active Hostilities’ Framework
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
3.1.2 The ‘Security Operations’ Framework
5.63
3.2 Choice of Methods and Means
3.2.1 The ‘Active Hostilities’ Framework
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
3.2.2 The ‘Security Operations’ Framework
5.69
5.70
5.71
5.72
5.73
5.74
3.3 The Rule of Proportionality
5.75
3.3.1 The ‘Active Hostilities’ Framework
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
3.3.2 The ‘Security Operations’ Framework
5.83
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
4 Precautions Against the Effects of Attacks
5.88
5.89
5.90
5.91
5.92
4.1 The Removal of Civilians
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.97
4.2 The Location of Military Objectives
5.98
5.99
5.100
5.101
4.3 Other Measures: Post-operation Evacuation and Medical Assistance
5.102
5.103
5.104
5.105
5.106
5.107
5 Unusual Conditions of Combat
5.108
5.109
5.110
5.111
5.112
5.113
6 Starvation, Objects Indispensable to Survival
5.114
5.115
5.116
5.117
5.118
5.119
5.120
7 Prohibition of Environmental Modification
5.121
5.122
5.123
5.124
5.125
5.126
8 Environmental Protection
5.127
5.128
5.129
5.130
8.1 Methods and Means of Warfare
5.131
5.132
5.133
8.2 Precautions in the Conduct of Military Operations
5.134
5.135
5.136
8.3 The Principle of Proportionality
5.137
5.138
5.139
9 Intelligence Gathering
5.140
5.141
5.142
5.143
5.144
5.145
5.146
10 Reprisals
5.147
5.148
5.149
11 Sieges and Encircled Areas
5.150
5.151
5.152
5.153
5.154
5.155
5.156
5.157
12 Human Shields
5.158
5.159
5.160
12.1 Status of Human Shields
5.161
5.162
12.2 Obligations Placed on Armed Forces Conducting an Attack in Which Human Shields Are Present
5.163
5.164
13 Persons Hors de Combat
5.165
5.166
5.167
5.168
14 Denial of Quarter
5.169
5.170
15 Assassination
5.171
16 Pillage
5.172
5.173
6 Rules of Engagement
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
2 The Obligation to Provide an Appropriate Framework to Regulate the Use of Force
6.05
6.06
3 Drafting Rules of Engagement
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
7 Weapons
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
7.01
7.02
2 General Provisions
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
3 Specific Weapons
3.1 Bacteriological or Biological Weapons
7.11
3.2 Booby-traps
7.12
3.3 Chemical Weapons
7.13
3.4 Dum-dum Bullets
7.14
3.5 Explosive or Incendiary Bullets
7.15
3.6 Fragmentation Weapons
7.16
3.7 Incendiary Weapons
7.17
3.8 Landmines
7.18
3.9 Laser Weapons
7.19
7.20
7.21
4 Legal Review of New Weapons
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
8 Prisoners of War and Internment
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
8.01
2 Prisoners of War
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
2.1 Jurisdiction Over Prisoners of War
8.08
2.2 Recording Identity
8.09
2.3 Unusual Conditions of Combat
8.10
2.4 Status Review
8.11
8.12
2.5 Treatment of Prisoners of War
8.13
2.5.1 Evacuation of Prisoners of War and Location of Prisoner of War Camps
8.14
2.5.2 Humane Treatment
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
2.5.3 Questioning of Prisoners of War
8.22
2.5.4 Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions Against Prisoners of War
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
2.5.5 Use of Weapons Against Prisoners of War
8.28
8.29
8.30
2.5.6 The Provision of Free-of-charge Maintenance and Medical Care
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
2.5.7 Quarters
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
8.41
8.42
8.43
8.44
3 Internment
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
3.1 Procedural Safeguards Regulating Internment
3.1.1 Recording Identity
8.52
3.1.2 The Grounds for Internment Must Be Established by Law
8.53
8.54
8.55
3.1.3 Information Relating to the Reason for Internment
8.56
8.57
8.58
3.1.4 Review of Internment
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
3.1.5 Promptness and Frequency of Internment Review
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
3.2 Treatment of Internees
8.68
3.2.1 Location of Internment Camps
8.69
3.2.2 Penal Sanctions Against Internees
8.70
8.71
8.72
8.73
8.74
8.75
3.2.3 Disciplinary Sanctions Against Internees
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
8.80
3.2.4 The Use of Force Against Internees
8.81
8.82
8.83
3.2.5 The Provision of Free-of-charge Maintenance and Medical Care
8.84
8.85
8.86
8.87
8.88
8.89
8.90
3.2.6 Places of Internment
8.91
8.92
8.93
8.94
8.95
8.96
8.97
3.2.7 Provision of Food and Clothing
8.98
8.99
8.100
4 Other Forms of Detention
8.101
8.102
8.103
8.104
8.105
8.106
8.107
4.1 The Provision of Information Regarding Reasons for Detention
8.108
4.2 Release of Detainees
8.109
5 Children in Detention
8.110
8.111
5.1 Education
8.112
8.113
5.2 Places of Detention
8.114
8.115
9 Protection of Civilians in the Hands of a Party to the Conflict
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
2 Basic Standards of Treatment Applicable to All Civilians in the Hands of a Party to the Conflict
9.09
2.1 Humane Treatment
9.10
2.2 Prohibited Acts
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
2.3 Arrest and Detention
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
9.20
9.21
9.22
9.23
2.4 Conditions of Detention
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
2.5 Trial
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.41
9.42
9.43
2.6 Protection of Women
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
9.49
2.7 Protection of Children
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
2.8 Family News
9.54
2.9 Relief Supplies
9.55
3 Evacuation of Children
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
4 Protected Persons Who Are Aliens in the Territory of a Party to the Conflict
4.1 Right to Leave
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
4.2 Compulsory Employment
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.68
5 Restrictions on Protected Persons
5.1 Loss of Privileges
9.69
9.70
9.71
9.72
9.73
9.74
5.2 Assigned Residence
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.78
9.79
9.80
10 Occupation
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
2 The Definition of Occupation
10.06
10.07
10.08
2.1 Determining the Existence of an Occupation
10.09
10.10
10.11
3 Resistance to Occupation
10.12
10.13
4 The Administration of Occupied Territory
10.14
10.15
10.16
4.1 Legislative Authority of the Occupying Power
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
4.2 Censorship and Limitations on Communication
10.26
10.27
10.28
4.3 Restrictions on Movement, Association, and Assembly
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
4.4 Searches
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.40
10.41
10.42
4.5 The Administration of Criminal Law
10.43
4.6 Religion
10.44
10.45
10.46
4.7 Children and Education
10.47
10.48
10.49
10.50
10.51
10.52
10.53
10.54
4.8 Medical Care
10.55
10.56
10.57
10.58
10.59
4.9 Food and Other Essential Supplies
10.60
10.61
10.62
10.63
4.10 Labour
10.64
10.65
10.66
10.67
10.68
10.69
4.11 Transfer, Deportation, and Evacuation of Civilians
10.70
10.71
10.72
10.73
10.74
10.75
10.76
10.77
5 Property
10.78
10.79
10.80
10.81
10.82
11 Peace Support Operations
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
11.01
11.02
2 The Law Applicable to Peace Support Operations
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
3 PSO Forces That Are Parties to an Armed Conflict
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
4 PSO Forces That Are Not Parties to an Armed Conflict
11.16
11.17
11.18
5 The Use of Force for the Protection of Others
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
6 Responsibility
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
7 Protection Accorded to Peace Support Operation Forces Not Parties to an Armed Conflict
11.30
11.31
11.32
12 Humanitarian Assistance
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
12.01
2 Relevant Legal Requirements
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
12.09
3 The Delivery of Humanitarian Assistance
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
4 Cooperation with Other Actors
12.14
12.15
12.16
13 Air Operations
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
13.01
2 General Provisions
13.02
13.03
13.04
13.05
13.06
13.07
13.08
13.09
3 Basic Rules and Target Discrimination
13.10
13.11
13.12
13.13
3.1 Enemy Aircraft Exempt from Attack
13.14
3.2 Other Enemy Aircraft
13.15
3.2.1 Only Military Aircraft May Carry Out an Attack
13.16
13.17
13.18
3.2.2 Enemy Civil Aircraft
13.19
13.20
13.21
13.22
3.2.3 Enemy Military Aircraft
13.23
3.3 Neutral Civil Aircraft
13.24
13.25
13.26
13.27
3.4 Precautions Regarding Civil Aircraft
13.28
4 Methods and Means of Warfare
13.29
4.1 Air-to-surface Missiles
13.30
13.31
4.2 Incendiary Weapons
13.32
4.3 Laser Weapons
13.33
13.34
4.4 Blockade
13.35
4.5 Other Weapons-related Issues
13.36
4.6 War Zone Restrictions
13.37
13.38
4.7 Air-to-air Combat
13.39
4.7.1 Enemy Military Aircraft
13.40
13.41
4.7.2 Method of Attack
13.42
4.7.3 Surrender by Enemy Aircraft
13.43
13.44
4.8 Aircraft in Distress and Aircrew in Enemy-held Territory
13.45
13.46
5 Measures Short of Attack: Interception, Visit, Search, Diversion, and Capture
13.47
5.1 Determination of Enemy Character of Aircraft
13.48
13.49
13.50
13.51
5.2 Interception, Visit, and Search of Civil Aircraft
13.52
13.53
13.54
13.55
13.56
13.57
13.58
13.59
13.60
13.61
6 Medical Aircraft
13.62
6.1 Interception of Enemy Medical Aircraft
13.63
6.2 Landing and Inspection of Medical Aircraft
13.64
13.65
13.66
7 The Control of Airspace in Non-international Armed Conflict and Situations Short of Armed Conflict
13.67
13.68
13.69
13.70
8 Air Security Operations
13.71
13.72
13.73
13.74
14 Maritime Warfare
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
14.01
2 General Provisions
14.02
14.03
14.04
14.05
14.06
14.07
14.08
14.09
3 Basic Rules and Target Discrimination
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
3.1 Enemy Vessels Exempt from Attack
14.14
14.15
14.16
3.2 Enemy Warships
14.17
3.3 Enemy Merchant Vessels
14.18
14.19
14.20
14.21
14.22
3.4 Neutral Merchant Vessels
14.23
14.24
14.25
14.26
14.27
4 Methods and Means of Warfare
14.28
4.1 Missiles and Other Projectiles
14.29
4.2 Torpedoes
14.30
4.3 Mines
14.31
14.32
4.4 Blockade
14.33
14.34
4.4.1 International Armed Conflict
14.35
14.36
14.37
14.38
14.39
14.40
14.41
4.4.2 Non-international Armed Conflict and Situations Not Constituting Armed Conflict
14.42
14.43
14.44
4.5 Security Zones
14.45
14.46
5 Measures Short of Attack: Interception, Visit, Search, and Capture
14.47
5.1 Determination of Enemy Character of Vessels
14.48
14.49
14.50
14.51
5.2 Visit and Search of Merchant Vessels
14.52
14.53
14.54
14.55
14.56
14.57
14.58
14.59
14.60
14.61
5.3 Diversion for the Purposes of Visit and Search
14.62
5.4 Measures of Supervision
14.63
5.5 Capture of Enemy Vessels and Goods and Neutral Vessels and Goods
14.64
6 Protected Persons, Medical Transports
14.65
14.66
14.67
7 Maritime Security Operations
14.68
14.69
14.70
14.71
15 Cyber Operations
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
15.01
15.02
15.03
15.04
15.05
2 Cyber Operations as an ‘Attack’ Within Armed Conflict
15.06
15.07
15.08
15.09
15.10
15.11
3 Determining the Applicable Legal Framework
15.12
15.13
15.14
15.15
15.16
15.17
15.18
15.19
4 Relevant International Human Rights Law Requirements
15.20
4.1 Monitoring-based Cyber Activities
15.21
15.22
15.23
15.24
15.25
15.26
15.27
15.28
15.29
15.30
15.31
15.32
15.33
15.34
15.35
15.36
15.37
15.38
4.2 Effects-based Cyber Activities
15.39
15.40
5 Cyber Operations and Direct Participation in Hostilities
15.41
15.42
15.43
15.44
15.45
5.1 Identifying the Source of a Cyber Operation
15.46
5.2 The Possibility That a Computer May Be Manipulated to Participate in a Cyber Operation Without the Owner’s Knowledge
15.47
6 Cyber Operations Involving Non-State Actors Occurring in the Context of Armed Conflict
15.48
15.49
15.50
15.51
16 Multinational Operations
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
16.01
2 The Legal Basis for Multinational Operations
16.02
16.03
16.04
16.05
16.06
3 The Law Applicable to Multinational Operations
16.07
16.08
16.09
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
4 The Conduct of Multinational Operations
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
16.20
16.21
5 The Use of Force for the Protection of Others
16.22
6 Responsibility
16.23
16.24
17 Enforcement
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
17.01
17.02
2 Investigations
17.03
17.04
2.1 Criminal Investigations
17.05
17.06
17.07
2.2 Non-criminal Investigations
17.08
2.3 Operational Reviews
17.09
2.4 Preliminary Assessments
17.10
17.11
2.5 Information Regarding Suspected Violations
17.12
17.13
2.6 Recording Information
17.14
3 Circumstances Giving Rise to the Obligation to Investigate
17.15
17.16
3.1 ‘Active Hostilities’
17.17
17.18
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.22
3.2 ‘Security Operations’
17.23
17.24
17.25
17.26
4 Rules Regulating How an Investigation Is Conducted
17.27
17.28
17.29
17.30
17.31
4.1 Independence
17.32
17.33
17.34
17.35
4.2 Thoroughness
17.36
17.37
17.38
4.3 Promptness
17.39
17.40
4.4 Public Scrutiny
17.41
17.42
4.5 Investigations in Difficult Security Conditions
17.43
17.44
5 Reparation
17.45
17.46
17.47
17.48
17.49
17.50
17.51
6 Judicial and Quasi-judicial Bodies
17.52
17.53
17.54
7 Reprisals
17.55
Further Material
Index
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Table of Treaties and Other Instruments
Edited By: Elizabeth Wilmshurst, Françoise Hampson, Charles Garraway, Noam Lubell, Dapo Akande
From:
Practitioners' Guide to Human Rights Law in Armed Conflict
Daragh Murray
Edited By: Elizabeth Wilmshurst, Françoise Hampson, Charles Garraway, Noam Lubell, Dapo Akande
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
Published in print:
17 November 2016
ISBN:
9780198791393
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