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Oxford Public International Law
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Air law and law of outer space
Diplomacy and consular relations
History of international law
Human rights
Immunities
Individuals and non-state actors
International co-operation
International criminal law
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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
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Preliminary Material
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Table of Cases
Table of Treaties
List of Abbreviations
Notes on Contributors
Editors
Chapter Authors
Main Text
1 Historical Development of the Law of the Sea
1 Introduction
2 The Main Steps of the Evolution of the Law of the Sea between 1493 and the End of the Nineteenth Century
3 The Attempts at Codification before World War II
4 The Claims to Expand the Coastal State’s Jurisdiction after World War II
5 Codification in the Early Phase of the United Nations: The Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea
6 The Contribution of International Courts and Tribunals to the Development of the Law of the Sea, from the end of the Nineteenth Century to the Aftermath of the Geneva Conventions
7 Conclusion
2 The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1 Introduction
2 The Genesis, Adoption, and Entry into Force of the LOSC
3 An Overview of the LOSC
4 The Legal Nature of the Provisions of the LOSC
5 Participation in the LOSC
6 Reservations and Declarations
7 The Relationship of the LOSC to Other Treaties and Customary International Law
8 Compliance with the LOSC
9 The Annual Cycle of Review of the LOSC
10 Developing the LOSC
11 Conclusions
3 Between Stability and Change in the Law of the Sea Convention: Subsequent Practice, Treaty Modification, and Regime Interaction
1 Introduction
2 Subsequent Practice and Treaty Modification
2.1 Defining ‘relevant’ subsequent practice
2.2 Treaty modification by subsequent practice
3 Modification of the LOSC by Subsequent Practice
3.1 The 1994 Implementation Agreement and 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement
3.2 The Meeting of States Parties
3.3 Article 105 LOSC
3.4 Other provisions impacted by State practice
4 Subsequent Practice and Regime Interaction in the LOSC
5 Implications for the Development of the LOSC
6 Conclusion
4 Baselines
1 The Function and Significance of Baselines
2 Low-Water Line as Baseline
2.1 How normal is it?
2.2 Which features have a normal baseline?
2.3 The normal baseline: the big question
3 Artificial Straight Lines as Baselines
3.1 Artificial lines and rivers
3.2 Bay closing lines
3.3 Closing the waters of a port
3.4 Straight baselines stricto sensu
3.5 Archipelagic baselines: the latest artificial baseline
4 Conclusions
5 The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone
1 Introduction
2 Breadth and Location of the Territorial Sea
3 Juridical Character of the Territorial Sea
4 Navigational Rights in the Territorial Sea
5 ‘Other Rules of International Law’ and International Organizations
6 Contiguous Zone
7 Conclusion
6 International Straits
1 Introduction
2 Historical Development
3 The Part III Law of the Sea Convention Regime
4 Operational Issues
5 Future Issues
6 Concluding Remarks
7 The Archipelagic Regime
1 Introduction
2 Development of the Archipelagic Regime
2.1 Early developments
2.2 International Law Commission
2.3 State practice
2.4 The First and Second United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea
2.5 The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
3 Definition of an Archipelago and an Archipelagic State
3.1 LOSC provisions
3.2 Issues in implementation
4 Archipelagic Baselines
4.1 LOSC provisions
4.2 Issues in implementation
5 Archipelagic Waters
5.1 LOSC provisions
5.1.1 Nature of archipelagic waters
5.1.2 Non-navigational rights
5.1.3 Navigational rights through archipelagic waters
5.2 Issues in implementation
6 A Lacuna in the LOSC: Dependent Archipelagos?
7 Conclusion
8 The Exclusive Economic Zone
1 Introduction
2 The Evolution of the Concept and the Nature of the EEZ in Contemporary International Law
2.1 History and genesis of the concept
2.2 The legal status of the EEZ
2.3 Minoris generis zones
3 The Applicable Legal Regime
3.1 Coastal and third States’ rights and obligations and the conflict over the attribution of rights
3.2 Powers over living resources
3.2.1 Regulatory regime
3.2.2 Enforcement powers
3.3 Powers over non-living resources and over all other economic resources
3.4 Construction of artificial islands and installations
3.5 Marine scientific research
3.6 Environmental protection
4 Other States Rights and Obligations
5 The Future of the EEZ
9 The Continental Shelf
1 Introduction
2 History
3 Legal Regime
3.1 Inherent rights
3.2 Substantive rights
4 The Outer Limit of the Continental Shelf
4.1 Overview
4.2 The Article 76 criteria
4.3 Procedure: the Commission
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Bilateral delimitation and disputes
4.3.3 The record
4.4 Revenue sharing: Article 82
5 Continental Shelf and EEZ
6 Conclusion
10 The High Seas
1 Introduction
2 Basic Features of the High Seas Regime: Extent and Freedoms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The spatial extent of the high seas
2.3 The freedom(s) of the high seas
3 The Legal Character of the High Seas: Allocation of Authority, Reservation for Peaceful Purposes, and its Relationship to Other Zones
3.1 The legal character of the high seas
3.2 The role of flag States and the possibility of concurrent jurisdiction
3.3 The reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes
3.4 The relationship of the high seas to the EEZ
4 Shipping
4.1 Overview
4.2 The nationality of ships
4.3 Stateless vessels
4.4 Jurisdiction in collisions
5 Policing the High Seas
6 Challenges for the Law of the High Seas
11 The Deep Seabed
1 Introduction
2 Legal Status of the Area and its Resources
3 The International Seabed Authority
3.1 The Assembly
3.2 The Council
3.3 Legal and Technical Commission
3.4 Finance Committee
3.5 The Enterprise
4 Regulation of ‘Activities in the Area’
5 Commercial Exploitation
6 Reserved Areas
7 Sponsorship by States Parties
8 Dispute Settlement
9 Responsibility of the International Seabed Authority under Article 82(4) of the LOSC
10 Conclusion
12 Maritime Boundary Delimitation
1 Setting the Scene
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The delimitation of the territorial sea
1.3 The ‘equidistance’ or ‘equitable principles’ debate and the LOSC
1.4 The ‘three-stage test’
2 The Process of Delimitation
2.1 Establishing entitlement
2.2 Other preliminary issues
2.3 The elements of the process
3 From Theory to Practice
3.1 Issues concerning the identification of the relevant area
3.2 Issues concerning islands and low-tide elevations
3.3 The relevance of economic and jurisdictional issues to the delimitation process
4 The 2014 Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration
5 Conclusion
13 Port and Coastal States
1 Introduction
2 Port States
2.1 Overview
2.2 Access to port
2.3 Conditions for entry into port
2.4 Leaving port
2.5 Legal bases for port State jurisdiction
2.5.1 Territorial jurisdiction
2.5.2 Quasi-territorial and extraterritorial jurisdiction
2.6 Port State cooperation through global and regional instruments and bodies
3 Coastal States
3.1 Overview
3.2 Coastal State maritime zones
3.2.1 Maritime zones under coastal State sovereignty
3.2.2 Maritime zones where coastal States have sovereign rights and/or jurisdiction
3.3 Regional coastal State cooperation
4 Future Developments
14 Flag States
1 Introduction
2 The Development of Flag State Jurisdiction
3 Registration and Nationality
4 The Operation of Flag State Jurisdiction
5 Flag State Rights and Duties
5.1 Flag State rights
5.2 Flag State duties
5.3 Safety
5.4 Maritime casualties and assistance at sea
5.5 Pollution
5.6 Fisheries and mineral resources
5.7 Crime and maritime security
6 Key Issues
15 Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States
1 Introduction
2 The Emergence of a New Law of the Sea
3 THE LOSC and the Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States
4 The Realization of the Rights of Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States Under the LOSC
5 Conclusion
16 The United Nations: A Practitioner’s Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Preparing for the Entry into Force of the LOSC
3 Informal Consultations Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the LOSC
4 Establishing the Convention Institutions after the Entry into Force of the LOSC
4.1 The role of the United Nations Secretariat
4.2 The International Seabed Authority
4.3 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
4.4 The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
5 The Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
6 United Nations Conferences on the Human Environment
6.1 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
6.2 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and Agenda 21
6.3 The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development
6.4 The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and The Future We Want
6.5 The relationship between the documents adopted by the United Nations Conferences on the Human Environment and the LOSC
7 The Role of the General Assembly
8 The Meeting of States Parties to the LOSC
9 Sustainable Fisheries and Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks
10 Oceans and Coastal Areas Network (UN-Oceans)
11 The United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
12 The Regular Process
13 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
14 Piracy on the Agenda of the Security Council
15 Concluding Observations
17 The Law of the Sea Convention Institutions
1 Introduction
2 Drafting History of the Institutional Provisions in the Law of the Sea Convention
3 The Meeting of the State Parties
4 The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
4.1 Elections to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
4.2 Financing of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
4.3 Oversight of the judicial work of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
5 The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
6 The International Seabed Authority
7 The Meeting of the States Parties as a Forum to Review General Developments in the Law of the Sea
8 A System of Law of the Sea Institutions?
9 Conclusion
18 Courts and Tribunals: The ICJ, ITLOS, and Arbitral Tribunals
1 Introduction
2 The Obligation of States to Settle Disputes Peacefully
3 The duty to Arbitrate or Adjudicate Disputes under the LOSC
4 Choice of Forum for Compulsory Settlement of LOSC Disputes
5 Nature of the Dispute
6 Procedural Limitations on Jurisdiction under Section 2 of Part XV
7 Substantive Limitations on Jurisdiction under Section 2 of Part XV
7.1 Article 297
7.2 Article 298
8 Institutional Constraints on the Exercise of Jurisdiction
9 Entities other than States
10 Applicable Law
11 Advisory Opinions
12 Conclusion
19 The International Maritime Organization
1 Introduction
2 Purposes, Functions, and Governance Structure
2.1 Purposes and functions
2.2 Governance structure
4 Functions of the IMO in the LOSC
4.1 The IMO within the framework of the LOSC
4.2 A ‘Competent international organization’
4.3 Quasi-legislative functions
4.4 Overseeing and approving requests for routeing measures
4.5 Clearing house for information and receiver of notification requirements
4.6 Capacity-building and technology transfer
4.7 Facilitation and contribution to international cooperation
4.8 Interaction with and assistance to other intergovernmental organizations
4.9 Support for dispute settlement
5 Conclusion: Achievements and Issues
20 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations
1 Introduction
2 RFMOs and the Institutionalization of Cooperation
3 RFMOs and the Limits of Cooperation
4 RFMOs and the Requirements of Conservation
4.1 Stock assessment
4.2 Management of fishing effort
4.3 Allocation of fishing opportunity
4.4 Compliance and enforcement
4.5 Protection of the broader marine environment
5 RFMOs and Climate Change
6 Conclusion
21 Integrated Oceans Management: A New Frontier In Marine Environmental Protection
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Oceans Management as a Tool for Marine Environmental Protection
3 National Implementation of Integrated Oceans Management
4 Regional Implementation of Integrated Oceans Management
5 Implementation of Integrated Oceans Management in ABNJ: Progress and Prospects
5.1 Ecosystem-based management
5.2 Precautionary approach
5.3 Environmental impact assessment
5.4 Marine protected areas
5.5 Marine spatial planning
5.6 Institutional integration of oceans management
6 Concluding Remarks
22 Marine Living Resources
1 Introduction
2 Marine Living Resources: Relevance and Notion
3 General Principles
3.1 Sovereign rights over natural resources
3.2 Sustainable development and sustainable use
3.3 Precautionary approach
4 The Framework of the Law of the Sea Convention
4.1 Internal waters, territorial sea, and archipelagic waters
4.2 Living resources in the exclusive economic zone
4.2.1 Identifying the maximum sustainable yield
4.2.2 Access to fish stocks by third States
4.2.3 Shared and highly migratory stocks
4.3 Living resources of the continental shelf
4.4 Living resources and the freedom of the high seas
5 The United Nations Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks Agreement
5.1 Development and membership
5.2 Management approach
6 International Regulation of Fishing Methods
7 Compliance and Enforcement
7.1 Illegal, unreported, and unregulated Fishing
7.2 Flag State responsibility
7.2.1 General obligations
7.2.2 Under the LOSC
7.2.3 Under the Fish Stocks Agreement
7.2.4 Under FAO instruments
7.3 Port State measures
8 Marine Mammals
8.1 Marine mammals and the LOSC
8.2 Legal regulation of migratory marine mammals
8.3 Whaling
8.4 Protection of marine mammals by trade restrictions
9 Emerging Concepts Relevant to the Management of MLR
9.1 Ecosystem approach
9.2 Marine spatial planning
10 Conclusion and Outlook
23 Science and the International Regulation of Marine Pollution
1 Introduction
2 Historical Development of the Legal Regime in Relation to Marine Pollution
3 Current Legal Regime
3.1 General Obligations
3.2 Source-specific obligations
3.2.1 Land-based sources and activities
3.2.2 Dumping
3.2.3 Vessel source pollution
4 Conclusions
24 Navigational Rights and Freedoms
1 Introduction
2 The Right of Innocent Passage through the Territorial Sea
2.1 General considerations
2.2 Exercise of the right of innocent passage
2.3 The regulation of the right of innocent passage by the coastal State
2.4 The right of innocent passage of foreign warships
2.5 The right of innocent passage of foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying inherently dangerous or noxious substances
3 Navigational Rights through International Straits
3.1 The right of transit passage
3.2 The regulation of the right of transit passage by States bordering straits
3.3 Non-suspendable innocent passage
4 Navigational Rights in the Archipelagic Waters
4.1 The right of innocent passage
4.2 The right of archipelagic sea lanes passage
5 Navigational Rights in the EEZ
6 Navigational Rights on the High Seas
7 Further Developments
25 Marine Scientific Research
1 Introduction
2 Defining Marine Scientific Research
3 Development of the Regime for Marine Scientific Research
4 The LOSC Regime for Marine Scientific Research
4.1 The ‘right’ to conduct MSR
4.2 General provisions
4.3 Internal waters, archipelagic waters, and the territorial sea
4.4 Continental shelf and exclusive economic zone
4.5 High seas
4.6 Area
4.7 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and marine scientific research
4.8 Scientific research installations and equipment
5 Marine Scientific Research under Other Regimes
6 Coastal State Legislation Concerning Marine Scientific Research
7 Future Developments
26 Maritime Security
1 Introduction
2 Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea
2.1 Traditional maritime security concerns
2.2 Responding to maritime security threats
3 Critical Issues in Contemporary Maritime Security
3.1 Ongoing boundary disputes
3.2 Transnational crime
3.3 Intelligence gathering
4 Future Challenges in Maritime Security
4.1 Evolving maritime security threats
4.2 Human dimension
5 The Influence of Maritime Security on the Development of the Law of the Sea
5.1 Maintain the ambiguities?
5.2 An increasing labyrinth
6 Conclusion
27 The Mediterranean Sea
1 Introduction
2 The Jurisdictional Framework
2.1 Baselines and Maritime Zones under the LOSC
2.2 Sui generis zones
2.3 The high seas
3 Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
3.1 Settled boundaries
3.2 Pending delimitations
3.3 The management of disputes
4 Institutionalized Cooperation
4.1 Protection of the marine environment: the Barcelona Convention system
4.2 Management of living resources
4.3 Ongoing efforts at cooperation
5 Conclusion
28 The South China Sea
1 Introduction
2 Territorial Disputes and Legal Issues
3 Applicable Law and Institutional Arrangements
4 Prospects and Trends
5 Conclusion
29 North-East Atlantic and the North Sea
1 Introduction
2 The Context: General Description of the North-East Atlantic and the North Sea
2.1 Defining the region
2.2 Ocean, coastal, and political geography
2.3 Economic significance
2.4 Environmental threats
3 Law of the Sea: North-East Atlantic and the North Sea
3.1 Regional influences and participation in the law of the sea
3.2 Maritime jurisdictional zones
3.3 Maritime boundaries
4 Marine Environmental Regional and Sub-Regional Cooperation
4.1 OSPAR Convention
4.2 Role of the EU in fostering regional cooperation
4.3 Regional network of marine protected areas
4.4 Regional measures on vessel-source pollution
5 Regional Cooperation in the Conservation and Utilization of Living Resources
5.1 European Common Fisheries Policy
5.2 Straddling and highly migratory fish stocks
5.3 Anadromous stocks
5.4 Catadromous species
5.5 Marine mammals
6 Conclusions
30 The Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Claims to Maritime Jurisdiction in the Caribbean Region
4 Marine Activities, Environment, and Resources
4.1 Navigation
4.1.1 Shipping in the Caribbean and role of the IMO
4.2 Marine environment and fisheries
4.2.1 Relevant regional organizations
4.2.2 The Caribbean Environment Programme
4.2.3 Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem Project
4.3 Seabed resources
4.4 Illegal maritime activities and enforcement concerns
4.5 The delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico
4.5.1 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitration
4.5.2 Guyana/Suriname arbitration
4.5.3 Nicaragua v Honduras
4.5.4 Nicaragua v Colombia
5 Outstanding Delimitation Issues in the Caribbean
6 Conclusions
31 The Indian Ocean and the Law of the Sea: A Work in Progress
1 Introduction
2 Definition and General Description of the Indian Ocean
3 Maritime Zones and Boundaries
4 Regional and Sub-regional Cooperation
4.1 Institutions with a broad mandate
4.2 Sectoral cooperation
4.2.1 Marine capture fisheries
4.2.2 Environmental cooperation
4.2.3 Maritime security
5 Conclusions
32 Polar Oceans and Law of the Sea
1 Introduction
2 Poles Together
3 Poles Apart
3.1 Regional developments: the Arctic
3.1.1 Ocean boundary and sovereignty disputes
3.1.2 Extended continental shelves
3.1.3 Jurisdictional tensions
3.1.4 Regional cooperation
3.1.4.1 The Arctic Council
3.1.5 The Arctic Five
3.2 Regional developments: the Antarctic
3.2.1 Applying the LOSC to the Antarctic: political and geographical challenges
3.2.2 The Antarctic Treaty system and the law of the sea
4 Polar Futures
4.1 Future challenges in the Arctic
4.2 Future challenges in the Antarctic
5 Concluding Remarks
33 Conserving Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Co-Evolution and Interaction with the Law of the Sea
1 Introduction
2 Normative Features of the ABNJ Legal and Institutional Framework
3 Gaps in Implementation of the ABNJ Legal and Institutional Framework for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity
3.1 Fisheries
3.2 Regional seas arrangements
3.3 Shipping
3.4 Deep seabed mining
4 Global and Regional Initiatives to Develop the Legal and Institutional Framework for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity in ABNJ
4.1 BBNJ Working Group
4.2 CBD Initiatives
4.3 Regional initiatives
5 Evolving the Legal and Institutional Framework for Conservation of Marine Biodiversity in ABNJ
5.1 Rationale and objectives for including key biodiversity conservation elements in an agreement under LOSC
5.2 Options for incorporating key biodiversity conservation elements in an implementing agreement
5.2.1 Area-based management elements
5.2.2 Environmental impact assessment elements
6 Conclusion
34 Warming Waters and Souring Seas: Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
1 Introduction
2 Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: Processes and Impacts
2.1 Sea level rise
2.2 Temperature rise
2.3 Ocean acidification
3 The Law of the Sea and Climate Change Mitigation
3.1 Controlling GHGs
3.1.1 LOSC obligations to control GHGs?
3.1.2 Complementary marine environmental regimes
3.1.3 The climate change regime
4 The Law of the Sea and Climate Change Adaptation
4.1 Sea level rise
4.1.1 The LOSC baseline regime
4.1.2 Baselines and maritime zones: fixed or floating?
4.1.3 Implications for coastal States
4.1.4 Implications for maritime boundaries
4.1.5 Legal responses: adoption of new baseline rules?
4.1.6 Physical responses: holding back the tide?
4.2 Marine resources and ecosystems
5 Conclusion
35 Threatened Species and Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems
1 Introduction
2 Broad-Spectrum Action Framed around Threats
2.1 Want of jurisdiction
2.2 Unsustainable Fisheries
2.2.1 Total allowable catch
2.2.2 Methods
2.3 Pollution
2.3.1 Land-based source pollution
2.3.2 Climate change
2.4 Habitat protection and capacity
2.4.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
2.4.2 The Ramsar Convention
2.4.3 World Heritage Convention
3 Responses Framed around Species and Specific Sites
3.1 Species-specific responses
3.1.1 Whaling
3.1.2 Tuna
3.1.3 Convention on International Trade in Edangered Species
3.1.4 Migratory species
3.2 Site responses
4 Conclusion
36 Marine Bioprospecting
1 Introduction
2 Bioprospecting
2.1 Definition of bioprospecting
2.2 The commercial value of marine bioprospecting
3 The Legal Framework
3.1 The Law of the Sea Convention
3.2 The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity and Related Instruments
3.3 Classification of bioprospecting under the Law of the Sea Convention
4 Bioprospecting within National Jurisdiction
5 Bioprospecting beyond National Jurisdiction
6 Regional Arrangements
7 Conclusion
37 Piracy
1 Contemporary Piracy
1.1 Necessity of a counter-piracy legal regime
1.2 Forms of contemporary piracy
1.3 Applicable legal framework and its historical roots
2 Piracy Under International Law
2.1 Definition of piracy
2.1.1 Piracy as defined in Article 101(a) of the LOSC
2.1.2 Piracy as defined in Article 101(b) and (c) of the LOSC
2.2 Definition of pirate ship
2.3 Armed robbery at sea—an offence distinct from piracy
3 Counter-Piracy Enforcement Powers
3.1 The right of visit, seizure, and arrest
3.2 Extension of enforcement powers—the example of Somali-based piracy
3.3 Legal constraints on counter-piracy enforcement powers
3.3.1 Inapplicability of international humanitarian law
3.3.2 General safeguards for maritime interception operations
3.3.3 Human rights law
4 Criminal Prosecution of Alleged Pirates
4.1 The criminal offence of piracy
4.2 Criminal jurisdiction over the offence of piracy
4.3 Bridging policing and criminal prosecution
5 A Mixed Appraisal of the Legal Regime on Piracy
38 Military Operations
1 Introduction
2 The Basic Framework
2.1 Peaceful purposes
2.2 Military operations
3 Warships and Naval Auxiliaries
3.1 Definition of warship
3.2 Sovereign immunity
4 Peacetime Maritime Operations
5 Law of Naval Warfare
5.1 Belligerent and neutral rights
5.2 Geography of naval warfare
6 Freedom of Navigation in Peace and War
6.1 Innocent passage in the territorial sea
6.2 Straits and archipelagos
6.3 The exclusive economic zone
7 Conclusion
39 Charting the Future for the Law of the Sea
1 Introduction
2 Lines in the Sea: The Future for Maritime Limits and Zones
2.1 Spatial definition of maritime zones
2.2 Substantive regime of maritime zones
2.3 Interaction of maritime zones
3 Actors and Institutions: The Future of Ocean Managers
4 Substantive Regimes: The Future for Global Oceans Management
5 Regional Oceans Management: An Indispensable Instrument with Mixed Results
6 The Law of the Sea Convention: What Future for the Constitution of the Oceans?
Further Material
Index
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List of Abbreviations
Edited By: Donald R. Rothwell, Alex G. Oude Elferink, Karen N. Scott, Tim Stephens
From:
The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea
Edited By: Donald R. Rothwell, Alex G. Oude Elferink, Karen N. Scott, Tim Stephens
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
Series:
Oxford Handbooks in Law
Published in print:
01 March 2015
ISBN:
9780198715481
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