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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Contents
Table of Cases
International Courts and Tribunals
Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia
Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
International Arbitral Tribunals
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
International Criminal Court (ICC)
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
National Jurisdictions
Australia
Canada
Germany
Israel
Netherlands
United Kingdom
United States
Table of Legislation
International Instruments
International Law Commission Articles
European Union Regulations
National Legislation
France
United Kingdom
United States
Notes on Contributors
Main Text
Introduction: Theorizing International Law
1 The Practice of Theorizing about International Law
2 The Challenges of the Turn to Theory
3 Ways of Theorizing International Law
4 Conclusion
Part I Histories
Ch.1 Theorizing the Turn to History in International Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 Turning to History
3 The Neuzeit of Modernity
4 The Historiography of ‘Modern’ International Law
5 Conclusion
Ch.2 Roman Law and the Intellectual History of International Law
1 Introduction
2 Roman Antiquity (Seventh Century bce–Sixth Century ce)
3 The Late Middle Ages (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries)
4 The Early Modern Age (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)
5 The Modern and Post-Modern Ages (Nineteenth to Twentieth Centuries)
Ch.3 Transformations of Natural Law: Germany 1648–1815
1 Introduction
2 Frame: The Natural Reason of Statehood
3 Routines: Operating the State-Machine
4 Transformation of Natural Law I: Into Economics
5 Transformation of Natural Law II: Into Philosophy
6 Transformation of Natural Law III: Into Diplomacy
7 Conclusion
Ch.4 Hugo Grotius: The Making of a Founding Father of International Law
1 Introduction
2 Grotius’ Life and Times
3 Grotius’ Nachleben in the Low Countries
4 The 1899 Hague Peace Conference
5 A Dutch-American Party
6 How to Interpret the Grotius Commemoration of 4 July 1899
7 Grotius the Anti-Hero
Ch.5 The Critique of Classical Thought during the Interwar Period: Vattel and Van Vollenhoven
1 Introduction
2 (Mis)understanding Vattel
2.1 Van Vollenhoven’s Critique of Vattel’s Doctrine
2.2 The Return to Grotius’ Law of Nations
3 A Less Polemical Analysis of Vattel
3.1 The Logic of Vattel’s Doctrine
3.2 Critical Review of Van Vollenhoven’s Objections
4 Conclusion
Ch.6 The Ottoman Empire, the Origins of Extraterritoriality, and International Legal Theory
1 Introduction
2 Topoi of Extraterritoriality
3 Exceptional Jurisprudence
4 The Circulation of ‘Semi-Civilization’
5 Conclusion
Ch.7 China in the Age of the World Picture
1 Introduction
2 Law in the Age of the World Picture
3 Eurocentric Sovereignty
4 Sinocentric Sovereignty
5 The Disenchantment of Sinocentric Sovereignty
6 China in Biblical Time and Space
7 International Law at the End of the Day
Ch.8 Imperialism and International Legal Theory
1 Theorizing International Law
2 The Imperialism of Theory
3 Decolonization and the Challenge to International Law
4 Towards the Present
5 Colonial Continuities
6 Imperialism and the Future
7 Conclusions
Ch.9 Early Twentieth-Century Positivism Revisited
1 Introduction
2 Lassa Oppenheim and the Future of International Law
3 The Immanent Universalism of the Austrians
4 Economic Early Twentieth-Century Positivism: Concluding Thoughts
Ch.10 Hans Kelsen and the Return of Universalism
1 Introduction
2 The Contextual Deep-Structure of the Kelsenian Approach to International Law
2.1 The Quest for Objectivity
2.2 The Cosmopolitan Project
2.3 The Methodological Toolkit
2.4 The Critique of German Staatswillenspositivismus and the Grundnorm of International Law
3 The Limits of Objectivity
4 The Reception of Kelsen’s International Law Theory in German International Law Scholarship after the War
5 Kelsen’s Contribution to International Legal Theory: The Empty Universal Legal Form
Ch.11 Schmitt, Schmitteanism and Contemporary International Legal Theory
1 Introduction
2 Carl Schmitt, Liberalism, and International Law
3 Carl Schmitt and Contemporary International Legal Theory: Four Illustrations
3.1 Martti Koskenniemi
3.2 Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule
3.3 Paul Kahn
3.4 Nehal Bhuta
4 Conclusion
Ch.12 Hannah Arendt and International Law
1 Introduction
2 The Jewish Question
3 Minority Treaties
4 The Right to Have Rights
5 Crimes Against Humanity
6 Conclusion
Ch.13 International Legal Theory in Russia: A Civilizational Perspective, or Can Individuals be Subjects of International Law?
1 Introduction
2 Russia as Part of ‘the’ (European) Civilization: International Legal Theory during the Late Tsarist Period
3 Key Features of International Legal Theory in the USSR
4 International Legal Theory in Post-Soviet Russia
5 The Impact of Civilizational Thinking on Contemporary Russian Theory of International Law
6 Conclusion
Part II Approaches
Ch.14 Natural Law in International Legal Theory: Linear and Dialectical Presentations
1 Introduction
2 Overview
2.1 Vitoria through Grotius
2.2 Enlightenment Liberalism and the Law of Nature
2.3 The Contemporary Turn
3 Linear and Dialectical Dimensions
4 Conclusion
Ch.15 Marxist Approaches to International Law
1 Introduction
2 Marx and Engels
2.1 Base, Superstructure, and Historical Materialism
2.2 The Legal Theory of Marx and Engels
3 Marxist Theories of Imperialism
4 Marxist International Legal Theory
4.1 The Commodity-form Theory
4.2 Ideology Critique
4.3 International Law and the Third World
5 Conclusion: So What? (is to be Done)?
Ch.16 Realist Approaches to International Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 The Realistic Point of View
3 Legal realism
4 Realism about international law
5 Conclusion
Ch.17 Constructivism and the Politics of International Law
1 Introduction
2 The Contours of Constructivism
3 Radical Constructivism and the Study of International Law
4 Constructivism, International Law, and the Challenge of World Society
4.1 The Acceleration of Legal Practices: From Norms to Risk?
4.2 Expertise between Evidence and Intelligence
5 Conclusion
Ch.18 The International Signs Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 Laws and Arms
3 Lex insulæ
4 Œconomic and emblematic images
Ch.19 Moral Philosophy and International Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 Moral Philosophy of International Law
2.1 The Origins
2.2 The Aim, Scope, and Standards
2.3 The Critiques
2.3.1 Radical Scepticism
2.3.2 Moderate Scepticism
2.4 The Contributions
2.4.1 Thinking Normatively about International Law
2.4.2 Conceptualizing the Legitimacy of International Law
2.4.3 Isolating the Legality of International Law
3 Towards a Legal Philosophy of International Law
3.1 The Meta-Theoretical Turn
3.2 A Legal Philosophy of International Law
3.3 The Case in Point: The Philosophy of International Human Rights Law
4 Conclusion
Ch.20 International Legal Positivism
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 Positivism and Formalism
3 Does International Equal ‘Classical’ Legal Positivism?
4 Neo-Hartian Socio-Psychologico-Linguistic Positivism
4.1 Jean d’Aspremont’s Neo-Hartian International Legal Positivism
4.2 Sociological Hartianism Comes Close to Ross’ Legal Realism
4.3 Sociological Hartianism is Less Responsive to Anti-Realist Critique
5 Conclusion
Ch.21 Yale’s Policy Science and International Law: Between Legal Formalism and Policy Conceptualism
1 Introduction
2 Conceptualism and Epistemic Structure of New Haven’s Jurisprudence
3 Conceptualism and Behaviouralism
4 In the Shadow of Hyperbole: Two Images of Formalism
4.1 The Analytical Function of Policy in New Haven’s Jurisprudence
4.2 International Law and Policy Conceptualism
4.2.1 Interpretation of International Agreements
4.2.2 Complementarity and Ambiguity of Rules
4.2.3 Implicit and Explicit Reactions to Policy Conceptualism
5 Conclusion
Ch.22 International Law and Economics: Letting Go of the ‘Normal’ in Pursuit of An Ever-Elusive Real
1 Introduction to the Field
2 Critiques and Limits
3 Conclusion: A Way Forward?
Ch.23 Liberal Internationalism
1 Introduction
2 Significance
3 Events
4 Renewal?
Ch.24 Feminist Approaches to International Law
1 Introduction
2 Visions
3 Critique
4 Reform
5 The Exile of Inclusion
Ch.25 Kant, Cosmopolitanism, and International Law
1 Introduction
2 A Framework for the International
3 The Categorical Imperative and Liberal Cosmopolitanism
4 The ‘Pacific Federation’ and Contractual Cosmopolitanism
5 Innate cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitan hospitality
6 Conclusion
Ch.26 Global Administrative Law and Deliberative Democracy
1 Introduction
2 Global Administrative Law and Its Contributions to International Legal Theory
2.1 Administration
2.2 Law
2.3 Justification
3 GAL as a Global Terrain for Deliberative Democracy?
4 Challenges for GAL from Deliberative Democracy
4.1 Subservience to Structure
4.2 Passive Acquiescence to Substantive Norms
4.3 Struggles to Align Multiple Systems of Law and Concepts of Representation
4.4 The Sprawl of Administration
5 Democratic Striving in Global Administrative Lawyering
Part III Regimes and Doctrines
Ch.27 Towards a New Theory of Sources in International Law
1 Introduction
2 From Theories of Substantive Validity to a Rule-Based International Law: The Rise of the Modern Theory of Sources
3 From Reformism to Abolitionism: The Fall of the Theory of Sources
3.1 Reformism
3.2 Abolitionism
3.3 Rationale for Discontent
4 From Static Objectivism to Dynamic Linguistic Coalescing: A Social Theory of Sources
4.1 A Dynamic Theory of Sources of International Law
4.2 Moving Away from Voluntarism and State-Centrism
4.3 The Theory of Sources as Tradition and Practice Rather Than a Set of Rules
5 Concluding Remarks: Sources and the Fantasy of a Displacement of Politics
Ch.28 Something to do with States
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 End State
3 Material/Abstract
4 Fragmentation/Unity
Ch.29 Theorizing Recognition and International Personality
1 Introduction
2 The Doctrines of Recognition and International Personality in Historical Perspective
3 Contemporary Theories of Recognition and International Personality
4 Conclusion
Ch.30 Theorizing Jurisdiction
1 Introduction
2 Jurisdiction in Public International Law
3 Jurisdiction in Human Rights Law
4 The Concept of Jurisdiction and Kerygma
5 Developments from Early Modern International Law
6 Jurisdiction as the Call of Conscience
7 Conclusion
Ch.31 Theorizing International Organizations
1 Introduction
2 A Very Brief History
3 Functionalism in Brief
4 Functionalism Evaluated
5 The Broader Academic Setting
6 To Conclude
Ch.32 Theorizing the Corporation in International Law
1 Introduction
2 Soliciting the Corporation in International Law
3 Paraphrasing the Corporation in International Law
3.1 Para-individualism
3.2 Para-Statism
3.3 Para-institutionalism
3.4 Theorizing Corporate Analogues
4 Contending with Corporations in Two Areas of International Legal Doctrine
4.1 International Investment Law
4.2 Business and Human Rights
5 Conclusion
Ch.33 Theorizing International Law on Force and Intervention
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 The Practice of Making Legal Justifications
3 The Significance of Legal Justifications
4 Assumptions for Force and Intervention
5 Purposes for Force and Intervention
Ch.34 Theorizing Human Rights
Preliminary Material
1 Human Rights Pragmatism?
2 Pragmatism as (Post-)Foundationalism
3 Pragmatism as Empowerment
4 Pragmatism as Pluralist Possibility
5 Pragmatism as Refusal?
Ch.35 Theorizing Free Trade
1 Introduction
2 Why Study the Past? History as Theory
2.1 Freedom, or the Lack of Conscious Attention to Economic Ordering
2.2 The Fragmentation of International Law
2.3 Free Trade and the Battle for the State
2.4 International Law as Routine: Embedding Neoliberalism
3 Towards a New History of International Law and Economic Ordering
3.1 Around 1783: International Law and Revolution
3.2 Free Trade and the Science of the Legislator
3.3 Malthus and the Principle of Population
3.4 The Corn Laws and the Free Trade State
3.5 Free Trade, Famine, and Colonial Administration
3.6 Force and Free Trade
4 International Law and State Planning: The GATT in Context
4.1 International Economic Disintegration and ‘Peaceful Change’
4.2 International Liberalism Versus State Planning
4.3 Negotiating the GATT
4.4 The Haberler Report: Free Trade and the Trojan Horse of Development
4.5 Trade Rounds and the Telos of the Free Trade Project
5 Conclusion
Ch.36 International Criminal Law: Theory All Over the Place
1 Introduction
2 Factual Theories in International Criminal Law
3 Operational Theories in International Criminal Law
4 Foundational Theories in International Criminal Law
5 External theories in international criminal law
6 Popular Theories in International Criminal Law
7 Conclusion
Ch.37 Theorizing the Laws of War
1 Introduction
2 Internal Theories
2.1 Theories of Essence
2.2 Theories of Possibility
2.3 Theories of Operation
2.4 Theories of Implementation
2.5 Theories of Evolution
3 External theories
3.1 Theorizing against the Laws of War
3.2 Questioning the Legal in International Humanitarian Law
4 Laws of War or War of Law?
5 What do the Laws of War Displace?
6 A Moral Reinvention?
7 Conclusion
Ch.38 Theories of Transitional Justice: Cashing in the Blue Chips
1 Introduction
2 The Interests of Justice
3 The Interests of Transition
4 Conclusion: Critical Approaches to Transitional Justice
Ch.39 Theorizing International Environmental Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2 Why ‘International Environmental’ Law?
3 Romantic Roots of International Environmental Law
3.1 The Aesthetic
3.2 The Authentic
3.3 The Divine
3.4 Romanticism in International Environmental Law
4 The Colonial Origins of International Environmental Law
4.1 Environmental Degradation in the Early Colonial Period
4.2 Sustainable Development in the Late Colonial Period
5 Conclusion
Ch.40 Theorizing International Law and Development
1 Introduction
2 Historicizing International Law and Development
3 What is Law and Development? Conceptualizing the Field
4 (De)stabilizing Law; (De)stabilizing Development: Questions of Method
5 Concluding Thoughts
Ch.41 Theorizing Responsibility
1 Introduction
2 Responsibility Formalism: Primacy of the Law
3 Responsibility Managerialism: Primacy of International Authority
4 Response-Ability: Primacy of Encounters
Ch.42 Theorizing Private International Law
1 Part of the Problem?
2 Conflict
2.1 State of the Art
2.2 Potential Insights
3 Cooperation
3.1 State of the Art
3.2 Potential Insights
4 Competition
4.1 State of the Art
4.2 Potential Insights
5 Conclusion
Ch.43 Transnational Migration, Globalization, and Governance: Theorizing a Crisis
1 Introduction
2 A Framework for Critical Analysis of Irregular Migration and International Law
3 Production: Irregular Migration as an Effect of International Law
3.1 Migration and Global Political Economy
3.1.1 Legal and Illegal Markets: Background Conditions to Migration Crises
3.1.2 Structural Causes of Migration from the Growth in Legal Trade
3.1.3 Migration and Illegal Trade—Drug Trafficking as a Global Market
3.2 Migration and Global Governance
4 Fragmentation: Irregular Migration and International Legal Gaps, Contradictions, and Ambiguities
4.1 Refugees versus Non-Refugees
4.2 The Effect of Migration Policing through Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Smuggling Efforts on Refugee Operations
5 Crisis and Reconceptualization
Part IV Debates
Ch.44 Religion, Secularism, and International Law
1 Introduction
2 On Matters of Theory and Method: Christianity, Europe, and International Law
3 The School of Salamanca as a Case Study: On Its Socio-Economic Conditions
4 From the Privacy of the Confession Booth to Public International Law
5 Conclusion
Ch.45 The Idea of Progress
1 Introduction
2 What is Progress? From the Uppercase to the Lowercase and Back
3 The Structure of Progress Arguments
4 Progress in International Law Argument: An Example
5 In Conclusion
Ch.46 International Legalism and International Politics
1 International Law and Its ‘ism’
2 Liberal Legalism as International Law’s Ideology
3 Empire-Building: The Liberal Legalization of (International) Politics
4 Speaking Politics to Law: Back to the Roots or Out into the Wild?
Ch.47 Creating Poverty
1 The Facts of Poverty
2 Poverty as a Legal Regime
3 Human Rights and Global Poverty: A Story of Misconception and Exoneration
3.1 Human Rights as Distraction
3.2 Localizing Pathology
3.3 Human Rights and International Economic Law
3.4 Human Rights and the Imagined History of Development
4 Conclusion
Ch.48 Fragmentation and Constitutionalization
1 Introduction
2 Fragmentation
2.1 Evolution
2.2 Causes
2.3 Risks and Opportunities
3 Constitutionalization
3.1 Key Terms
3.2 Key Debates
3.3 Criticism
4 The Relationship of the Debates
5 Fragmented Constitutionalization
5.1 Constitutional Fragments
5.2 Pluralist Constitutionalism
6 Constitutionalizing Fragmentation
6.1 Processes and Techniques
6.2 Conflict Avoidance and Reconciliation
6.3 Principle and Practice of ‘Systemic Integration’
6.4 ‘Regime Interaction’ as Constitutionalization Lite
7 Fragmentation, Constitutionalization, and Politicization
8 Conclusion
Further Material
Index
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Index
Edited By: Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann
From:
The Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law
Edited By: Anne Orford, Florian Hoffmann
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
Series:
Oxford Handbooks
Published in print:
02 June 2016
ISBN:
9780198701958
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18.204.42.98