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Corruption, Fight against »

Kenneth W Abbott
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law [MPIL]
Module
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
Corruption — Countermeasures
1 The fight against corruption has produced a remarkable cascade of international rule-making since the early 1990s. It includes a true multilateral convention as well as numerous regional and plurilateral treaties, soft law instruments, and policies. These instruments address a broad range of conduct and prescribe varied State measures; some have robust implementation mechanisms. While there remain significant substantive gaps, the principal challenge today is to ensure adoption of, and compliance with, the existing legal and normative framework.2 In the early...

Public Private Partnership »

Kenneth W Abbott
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedias of International Law [MPIL]
Module
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) — Sustainable development — Responsibility of non-state actors — Regional co-operation
1 The terms ‘partnership’ and ‘public private partnership’ (‘PPP’) have varied meanings in international policy. Some usages are broad: the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (‘Rio Declaration’; Stockholm Declaration [1972] and Rio Declaration [1992]) and the United Nations (‘UN’) Millennium Declaration (United Nations, Millennium Declaration) call for a ‘global partnership’ among States, civil society, and the private sector (see also Corporations in International Law). Other usages are narrow: many governments and development agencies, such as the...