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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contents
- Table of Cases
- European Court of Human Rights
- European Commission of Human Rights
- European Court of Justice
- Inter-American Court of Human Rights
- International Arbitral Awards
- International Court of Justice
- International Criminal Court
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
- International Criminal Tribunal for theformer Yugoslavia
- International Military Tribunal
- Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- United Nations Human Rights Committee
- Special Court for Sierra Leone
- Special Tribunal for Lebanon
- National Cases
- Table of Legislation
- European Convention on Human Rights and Related Instruments
- European Convention on Human Rights
- Original text (1950) of the European Convention on Human Rights
- Provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights resulting from Protocol No 5 (in force 1971) that have since been repealed
- Provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights resulting from Protocol No 8 (in force 1990) that have since been repealed
- Provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights resulting from Protocol No 11 (in force 1998) that have since been repealed or renumbered
- Protocols to the European Convention on Human Rights
- Provisions of the Protocols to the European Convention on Human Rights that have since been repealed
- Rules of Court
- Miscellaneous resolutions and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights
- Practice Directions
- Rules of the European Commission of Human Rights
- Treaties and conventions
- Council of Europe documents
- United Nations documents
- Organisation for Security and Coopeeration in Europe documents
- European Union documents
- National Legislation
- European Convention on Human Rights and Related Instruments
- List of Abbreviations
- Main Text
- Part One Introduction
- Preliminary Material
- Adoption of the Convention
- Adding new rights to the Convention
- Protocol No. 1: Property, education, elections
- Protocol No. 4: Mainly movement and migration
- Protocol No. 6 and Protocol No. 13: The death penalty
- Protocol No. 7: Concordance with the Covenant
- Protocol No. 12: Non-discrimination
- Unfinished business: minorities, economic, social, and cultural rights, the environment, etc.
- Amending the Convention and reforming its machinery
- Interpretation of the Convention
- Part Two Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Preamble/Préambule
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- ‘The governments signatory hereto…’
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (recitals 1, 2, and 5)
- The aim of the Council of Europe (recital 3)
- Justice and peace (recital 4)
- Effective political democracy (recital 4)
- Common understanding and observance of human rights (recital 4)
- Common heritage (recital 5)
- Rule of law (recital 5)
- Collective enforcement (recital 5)
- Principle of subsidiarity (recital 6)
- Margin of appreciation (recital 6)
- Further reading
- Art.1 Obligation to respect human rights/Obligation de respecter les droits de l’homme
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- ‘The High Contracting Parties…’
- ‘…shall secure…’, negative and positive obligations
- ‘…to everyone…’
- ‘…within their jurisdiction…’
- Ratione materiae
- Ratione loci
- Ratione personae
- Ratione temporis
- Further reading
- s.I Rights and Freedoms
- Art.2 Right to life/Droit à la vie
- Art.3 Prohibition of torture/Interdiction de la torture
- Preliminary Material
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Reservations
- Further reading
- Art.4 Prohibition of slavery and forced labour/Interdiction de l’esclavage et du travail forcé
- Art.5 Right to liberty and security/Droit à la liberté et à la sûreté
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Physical liberty and scope of application
- Security of person and positive obligations
- ‘Lawfulness’
- Arbitrariness
- Grounds for detention (art. 5(1))
- Information on reasons for arrest (art. 5(2))
- Prompt appearance before judicial authorities (art. 5(3))
- Trial within reasonable time or release pending trial (art. 5(3))
- Guarantees to appear for trial (art. 5(3))
- Habeas corpus (art. 5(4))
- Compensation (art. 5(5))
- Discrimination
- Reservations
- Further reading
- Art.6 Right to a fair trial/Droit à un procès équitable
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Determination of civil rights and obligations
- Determination of a criminal charge
- Access to a court
- Fair and public hearing (art. 6(1))
- Presumption of innocence (art. 6(2))
- Minimum guarantees in criminal prosecutions
- Information about nature and cause of charge (art. 6(3)(a))
- Adequate time and facilities for defence (art. 6(3)(b))
- Defence in person or legal assistance (art. 6(3)(c))
- Examination of witnesses (art. 6(3)(d))
- Interpreter (art. 6(3)(e))
- Presence at trial
- Age of criminal responsibility
- Protection against self-incrimination
- Admissibility of evidence
- Discrimination
- Reservations and declarations
- Further reading
- Art.7 No punishment without law/Pas de peine sans loi
- Art.8 Right to respect for private and family life/Droit au respect de la vie privée et familiale
- Art.9 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion/Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Reservations and declarations
- Further reading
- Art.10 Freedom of expression/Liberté d’expression
- Preliminary Material
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Reservations and declarations
- Further reading
- Art.11 Freedom of assembly and association/Liberté de réunion et d’association
- Art.12 Right to marry/Droit au mariage
- Art.13 Right to an effective remedy/Droit à un recours effectif
- Art.14 Prohibition of discrimination/Interdiction de discrimination
- Art.15 Derogation in time of emergency/Dérogation en cas d’état d’urgence
- Art.16 Restrictions on political activity of aliens/Restrictions à l’activité politique des étrangers
- Art.17 Prohibition of abuse of rights/Interdiction d’abus de droit
- Art.18 Limitation on use of restrictions on rights/Limitation de l’usage des restrictions aux droits
- s.II European Court of Human Rights
- Art.19 Establishment of the Court/Institution de la Cour
- Art.20 Number of judges/Nombre de juges
- Art.21 Criteria for office/Conditions d’exercise des fonctions
- Art.22 Election of judges/Election des juges
- Art.23 Terms of office and dismissal/Durée du mandat et révocation
- Art.24 Registry and rapporteurs/Greffe et rapporteurs
- Art.25 Plenary Court/Assemblée plénière
- Art.26 Single-judge formation, Committees, Chambers, and Grand Chamber/Formations de juge unique, comités, chambres et Grande Chambre
- Art.27 Competence of single judges/Compétence des juges uniques
- Art.28 Competence of Committees/Compétence des comités
- Art.29 Decisions by Chambers on admissibility and merits/Décisions des chambres sur la recevabilité et le fond
- Art.30 Relinquishment of jurisdiction to the Grand Chamber/Dessaisissement en faveur de la Grande Chambre
- Art.31 Powers of the Grand Chamber/Attributions de la Grande Chambre
- Art.32 Jurisdiction of the Court/Compétence de la Cour
- Art.33 Inter-State cases/Affaires interétatiques
- Art.34 Individual applications/Requêtes individuelles
- Art.35 Admissibility criteria/Conditions de recevabilité
- Introductory comments
- Drafting of the provision
- Analysis and interpretation
- Procedure concerning admissibility
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies (art. 35(1))
- Six-month rule (art. 35(1))
- Anonymous applications (art. 35(2)(a))
- Substantially the same (art. 35(2)(b))
- Submission to another international body (art. 35(2)(b))
- Incompatible with provisions of the Convention (art. 35(3)(a))
- Manifestly ill-founded application (art. 35(3)(a))
- Abuse of the right of individual application (art. 35(3)(a))
- De minimis non curat praetor (art. 35(3)(b))
- Rejection ‘at any stage of the proceedings’ (art. 35(4))
- Declarations
- Further reading
- Art.36 Third-party intervention/Tierce intervention
- Art.37 Striking out applications/Radiation
- Art.38 Examination of the case/Examen contradictoire de l’affaire
- Art.39 Friendly settlements/Règlements amiables
- Art.40 Public hearings and access to documents/Audience publique et accès aux documents
- Art.41 Just satisfaction/Satisfaction équitable
- Art.42 Judgments of Chambers/Arrêts des chambres
- Art.43 Referral to the Grand Chamber/Renvoi devant la Grande Chambre
- Art.44 Final judgments/Arrêts définitifs
- Art.45 Reasons for judgments and decisions/Motivation des arrêts et décisions
- Art.46 Binding force and execution of judgments/Force obligatoire et exécution des arrêts
- Art.47 Advisory opinions/Avis consultatifs
- Art.48 Advisory jurisdiction of the Court/Compétence consultative de la Cour
- Art.49 Reasons for advisory opinions/Motivation des avis consultatifs
- Art.50 Expenditure on the Court/Frais de fonctionnement de la Cour
- Art.51 Privileges and immunities of judges/Privilèges et immunités des juges
- s.III Miscellaneous provisions
- Art.52 Inquiries by the Secretary General/Enquêtes du Secrétaire Général
- Art.53 Safeguard for existing human rights/Sauvegarde des droits de l’homme reconnus
- Art.54 Powers of the Committee of Ministers/Pouvoirs du Comité des Ministres
- Art.55 Exclusion of other means of dispute settlement/Renonciation à d’autres modes de règlement des différends
- Art.56 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.57 Reservations/Réserves
- Art.58 Denunciation/Dénonciation
- Art.59 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Preamble/Préambule
- Part Three Protocol No. 1 to theConvention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 Protection of property/Protection de la propriété
- Art.2 Right to education/Droit à l’instruction
- Art.3 Right to free elections/Droit à des élections libres
- Art.4 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.5 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.6 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Part Four Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, securing certain rights and freedoms other than those already included in the Convention and in the First Protocol thereto
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 Prohibition of imprisonment for debt/Interdiction de l’emprisonnement pour dette
- Art.2 Freedom of movement/Liberté de circulation
- Art.3 Prohibition of expulsion of nationals/Interdiction de l’expulsion des nationaux
- Art.4 Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens/Interdiction des expulsions collectives d’étrangers
- Art.5 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.6 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.7 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Part Five Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the Abolition of the Death Penalty
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 Abolition of the death penalty/Abolition de la peine de mort
- Art.2 Death penalty in time of war/Peine de mort en temps de guerre
- Art.3 Prohibition of derogations/Interdiction de dérogation
- Art.4 Prohibition of reservations/Interdiction de réserves
- Art.5 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.6 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.7 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Art.8 Entry into force/Entrée en vigueur
- Art.9 Depositary functions/Fonctions du dépositaire
- Part Six Protocol No. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 Procedural safeguards relating to expulsion of aliens/Garanties procédurales en cas d’expulsion d’étranger
- Art.2 Right of appeal in criminal matters/Droit à un double degré de juridiction en matière pénale
- Art.3 Compensation for wrongful conviction/Droit d’indemnisation en cas d’erreur judiciaire
- Art.4 Right not to be tried or punished twice/Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni deux fois
- Art.5 Equality between spouses/Egalité entre époux
- Art.6 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.7 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.8 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Art.9 Entry into force/Entrée en vigueur
- Art.10 Depositary functions/Fonctions du dépositaire
- Part Seven Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 General prohibition of discrimination/Interdiction générale de la discrimination
- Art.2 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.3 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.4 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Art.5 Entry into force/Entrée en vigueur
- Art.6 Depositary functions/Fonctions du dépositaire
- Part Eight Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 Abolition of the death penalty/Abolition de la peine de mort
- Art.2 Prohibition of derogations/Interdiction de dérogations
- Art.3 Prohibition of reservations/Interdiction de réserves
- Art.4 Territorial application/Application territoriale
- Art.5 Relationship to the Convention/Relations avec la Convention
- Art.6 Signature and ratification/Signature et ratification
- Art.7 Entry into force/Entrée en vigueur
- Art.8 Depositary functions/Fonctions du dépositaire
- Part Nine Protocol No. 16 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
- Preamble/Préambule
- Art.1 [Requests for an advisory opinion]
- Art.2 [Acceptance of requests]
- Art.3 [Participation in proceedings]
- Art.4 [Content and issuance of advisory opinions]
- Art.5 [Non-binding nature of advisory opinions]
- Art.6 [Relationship to the Convention]
- Art.7 [Signature and ratification]
- Art.8 [Entry into force]
- Art.9 [Reservations]
- Art.10 [Designation of courts or tribunals]
- Art.11 [Depositary functions]
- Part One Introduction
- Further Material
