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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Main Text
- Introduction
- Preliminary Material
- 1 The Phenomenon of Torture
- 2 Drafting History, Entry into Force and Status of Ratification of the Convention and Protocol
- 3 Content and Significance of the Convention and Protocol
- 4 Rules of Interpretation
- 5 Reservations, Declarations of Interpretation and Denunciation of the Convention and Protocol
- Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Part I Substantive Articles
- Art.1 Definition of Torture
- Art.2 Obligation to Prevent Torture
- Art.3 Principle of Non-Refoulement
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 3.1 State Reporting Procedure
- 3.2 General Comment on Article 3: A Summary of the Committee’s Practice
- 3.3 Individual Complaints
- 3.4 Comparison with the Case Law of the Human Rights Committee
- 4 Interpretation of Article 3(1)
- 5 Interpretation of Article 3(2)
- Art.4 Obligation to Criminalize Torture
- Art.5 Types of Jurisdiction over the Offence of Torture
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Selected Cases Relating to Universal Jurisdiction under Article 5(2)
- 4.1 Habré Case (Chad, Senegal, Belgium)
- 4.2 Pinochet Case (Chile, United Kingdom, Spain)
- 4.3 Almatov Case (Uzbekistan, Germany)
- 4.4 Al-Duri Case (Iraq, Austria)
- 4.5 Bouterse Case (Suriname, Netherlands)
- 4.6 Ould Dah Case (Mauritania, France)
- 4.7 Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium (DRC, Belgium)
- 4.8 ‘Brazzaville Beach’ Case (Republic of Congo, France)
- 4.9 Zardad Case (Afghanistan, United Kingdom)
- 5 Traditional Grounds of Jurisdiction: Article 5(1)
- 6 Universal Jurisdiction: Article 5(2)
- 6.1 Successful Lobbying by Sweden, the United States and the Dutch Chairman-Rapporteur during the Drafting of the Convention in the Working Group
- 6.2 The Obligation of States Parties to Establish Universal Jurisdiction According to the Principle ‘aut dedere aut iudicare’
- 6.3 What are the Conditions for Exercising Universal Jurisdiction?
- 6.4 What are the Measures which States Parties shall Take?
- 7 Immunity
- 8 Savings Clause: Article 5(3)
- Art.6 Procedural Safeguards During the Preliminary Investigation Phase
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- Art.7 Aut Dedere aut Iudicare
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- 4.1 Obligation to Prosecute Combined with Authorization to Extradite
- 4.2 Obligation of the Forum State under Article 7(1) to Proceed to Prosecution
- 4.3 Authorization of the Forum State under Article 7(1) to Extradite an Alleged Torturer
- 4.4 Procedural Safeguards under Article 7(2) in Case of Prosecution
- 4.5 Right of the Alleged Torturer to Fair Treatment under Article 7(3)
- Art.8 The Convention as a Basis for Extradition
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- 4.1 Need for Removing Legal Obstacles to Extradition
- 4.2 Obligation to Treat Torture as Extraditable Offence in Extradition Treaties: Article 8(1)
- 4.3 Authorization to Consider the Convention as Legal Basis for Extradition: Article 8(2)
- 4.4 Obligation to Recognize Torture as an Extraditable Offence in Domestic Law: Article 8(3)
- 4.5 Presumption of Equality between the Principles of Territoriality and Nationality: Article 8(4)
- Art.9 Mutual Judicial Assistance
- Art.10 Training of Personnel
- Art.11 Review of Interrogation and Prison Rules
- Art.12 Ex Officio Investigations
- Art.13 Right of Victims to Complain
- Art.14 Right of Torture Victims to Adequate Remedy and Reparation
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- 4.1 Meaning of the Terms Redress, Compensation, and Rehabilitation
- 4.2 Criminal Investigation as a Precondition for Other Forms of Reparation
- 4.3 Applicability to Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- 4.4 Right of Dependants in the Case of Death of the Victim
- 4.5 Interpretation of the Savings Clause in Article 14(2)
- 4.6 Universal Civil Jurisdiction for Torture
- Art.15 Non-Admissibility of Evidence Extracted by Torture
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction: The Theory of the ‘Tainted Fruits of the Poisonous Tree’
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Relevant Case Law of Domestic Courts
- 5 Issues of Interpretation
- Art.16 Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction and Travaux Préparatoires
- 2 Practice of the Committee
- 3 Issues of Interpretation
- 3.1 Definition of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- 3.2 Conditions of Detention
- 3.3 Punishments
- 3.4 Excessive Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials
- 3.5 Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Punishment by Acquiescence
- 3.6 State Obligations to Prevent Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- 3.7 Savings Clause (Paragraph 2)
- Part II Procedural Articles
- Art.17 Committee against Torture
- Art.18 Rules of Procedure
- Art.19 State Reporting Procedure
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- Art.20 Inquiry Procedure
- Art.21 Inter-State Communications
- Art.22 Individual Complaints Procedure
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Travaux Préparatoires
- 3 Practice of the Committee
- 3.1 In General
- 3.2 Registration of Complaints
- 3.3 Interim Measures
- 3.4 Admissibility of Complaints
- 3.4.1 Admissibility Procedure
- 3.4.2 Admissibility Conditions
- 3.5 Views on the Merits
- 4 Issues of Interpretation
- 4.1 Article 22(1) and (8): Optional Character of the Procedure
- 4.2 Article 22(1): Standing of the Applicant
- 4.3 Article 22(1): Victim of a Violation of the Convention
- 4.4 Article 22(1): Individuals Subject to its Jurisdiction
- 4.5 Article 22(2): Inadmissibility of Anonymous Complaints
- 4.6 Article 22(2): Abuse of the Right of Submission
- 4.7 Article 22(2): Incompatibility Ratione Personae
- 4.8 Article 22(2): Incompatibility Ratione Materiae
- 4.9 Article 22(2): Incompatibility Ratione Temporis
- 4.10 Article 22(2): Incompatibility Ratione Loci
- 4.11 Article 22(3), (4) and (6): Procedure before the Committee
- 4.12 Authority of the Committee to Request Interim Measures
- 4.13 Article 22(5)(a): Examination under Another Procedure
- 4.14 Article 22(5)(b): Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies
- 4.15 Article 22(7): Decisions on the Merits and Follow-Up Procedure
- Art.23 Privileges and Immunities
- Art.24 Annual Report
- Part III Final Clauses
- Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Part I General Principles
- Part II Subcommittee on Prevention
- Part III Mandate of the Subcommittee on Prevention
- Art.11 Mandate of the Subcommittee
- Art.12 Obligations of States Parties to Cooperate with the Subcommittee
- Art.13 Obligations of the Subcommittee Concerning Country Missions
- Art.14 Obligation of States Parties to Facilitate Visits by the Subcommittee to Places of Detention
- Art.15 Prohibition of Sanctions against any Source of Information of the Subcommittee
- Art.16 Reports of the Subcommittee
- Part IV National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.17 National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.18 Independence, Pluralism and Efficiency of National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.19 Mandate and Power of National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.20 Obligations of States Parties to Facilitate Visits by the National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.21 Prohibition of Sanctions against any Source of Information of the NPM
- Art.22 Obligation of States Parties to Examine the Recommendations of National Preventive Mechanisms
- Art.23 Annual Report of the National Preventive Mechanism
- Part V Declaration
- Part VI Financial Provisions
- Part VII Final Provisions
- Art.27 Signature, Ratification and Accession
- Art.28 Entry into Force
- Art.29 Validity in Federal States
- Art.30 Prohibition of Reservations
- Art.31 Relation to Regional Systems of Preventive Visits to Places of Detention
- Art.32 Relation to the International Committee of the Red Cross
- Art.33 Denunciation
- Art.34 Amendments
- Art.35 Privileges and Immunities
- Art.36 Obligations of Members of the Subcommittee during Country Missions
- Art.37 Authentic Texts
- Introduction
- Further Material
- Appendix Table of Contents
- Appendix A Texts relating to the Convention Against Torture
- Appendix A.1 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Appendix A.2 Draft Convention Texts
- Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Declaration)
- Draft Convention for the Prevention and Suppression of Torture, Submitted by the International Association of Penal Law (IAPL Draft)
- Draft International Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Original Swedish Draft)
- (Final clauses to be elaborated)
- Proposals for the Preamble and the Final Provisions of the Draft Convention (Swedish Draft)
- Appendix A.3 Reservations, Declarations, Notifications and Objections Relating to the Convention
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bolivia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Bulgaria
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- CYPRUS
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Ecuador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Guatemala
- Holy See
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Indonesia
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Kuwait
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Mauritania
- Mexico
- Monaco
- Morocco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Qatar
- Russian Federation
- Saudi Arabia
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Seychelles
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syrian Arab Republic
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- United States of America
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Yugoslavia
- Zambia
- Appendix B Texts established by the Committee Against Torture
- Appendix B.1 Rules of Procedure of the Committee
- Contents
- Part One General Rules
- I Sessions
- II Agenda
- III Members of the Committee
- IV Officers
- V Secretariat
- VI Languages
- VII Public and Private Meetings
- VIII Records
- IX Distribution of Reports and Other Official Documents of the Committee
- X Conduct of Business
- XI Voting
- XII Elections
- XIII Subsidiary Bodies
- XIV Information and Documentation
- XV Annual Reports of the Committee
- Part Two Rules Relating to the Functions of the Committee
- XVI Reports from States Parties under Article 19 of the Convention
- XVII Proceedings under Article 20 of the Convention
- XVIII Procedure for the Consideration of Communications received under Article 21 of the Convention
- XIX Procedure for the Consideration of Communications received under Article 22 of the Convention
- Appendix B.1 Rules of Procedure of the Committee
- Appendix B.2 Guidelines on Reporting
- Appendix B.2a Guidelines on the Form and Content of Initial Reports under Article 19 to be Submitted by States Parties to the Convention Against Torture
- Appendix B.2b General Guidelines Regarding the Form and Contents of Periodic Reports to be Submitted by States Parties under Article 19, Paragraph 1 of the Convention
- Appendix B.3 Terms of Reference of the Rapporteurs
- Appendix B.3a Terms of Reference of the Rapporteur on New Complaints and Interim Measures
- Appendix B.3b Terms of Reference of the Rapporteur on Follow-up of Decisions on Complaints Submitted under Article 22
- Appendix B.4 General Comments No. 1 and No. 2
- Implementation of article 3 of the Convention in the context of article 22
- Admissibility
- Merits
- Implementation of article 2 by States parties
- II Absolute prohibition
- III Content of the obligation to take effective measures to prevent torture
- IV Scope of State obligations and responsibility
- V Protection for individuals and groups made vulnerable by discrimination or marginalization
- VI Other preventive measures required by the Convention
- VII Superior orders
- Appendix B.5 Model Communication
- Appendix B.6 Standard Secretariat Response to Registered Individual Communications
- Appendix C Charts and Tables relating to the Convention Against Torture
- Appendix C.6 UN Documents Concerning the Convention Against Torture
- Appendix C.6a Documents of the Committee Against Torture
- Appendix C.6b Summary Records of Meetings of the Committee Against Torture
- Appendix C.6c Documents of States Parties
- Appendix C.6d Summary Records of States Parties’ Meetings
- Appendix C.6e Annual Reports
- Appendix C.6f Special Rapporteur on Torture Reports
- Appendix D Texts relating to Optional Protocol
- Appendix D.1 Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Appendix D.2 Draft Optional Protocol Texts
- Draft Optional Protocol to the Draft International Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Original Costa Rica Draft)
- Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Revised Costa Rica Draft)
- Alternative Preliminary Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Submitted by the Delegation of Mexico with the Support of the Latin American Group (GRULAC) at the Ninth Session of the Working Group in 2001 (Mexican Draft)
- Proposal of New and Revised Articles to be Included in the Original Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Submitted by the Delegation of Sweden on Behalf of the European Union at the Ninth Session of the Working Group in 2001 (Eu Draft)
- Alternative Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Submitted by the Delegation of the United States of America at the Tenth Session of the Working Group in 2002 (US Draft),
- Draft Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- Appendix E Charts and Tables relating to the Optional Protocol
- Bibliography
- Case Index
- Index
