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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Editors
- Foreword
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Glossary and List of Abbreviations
- Tables of Cases
- Argentina
- Australia
- Belgium
- Bosnia-Herzegovina
- Canada
- Canadian Military Courts
- Chile
- Control Commission Courts
- Denmark
- East Timor Special Panel for Serious Crimes
- Ethiopia
- European Court of Human Rights
- European Court of Justice
- France
- French Military Tribunals
- Germany
- Greece
- Indonesia
- Inter-American Court of Human Rights
- International Court of Justice
- International Criminal Court
- Iraq
- Israel
- Italy
- Japan
- Mexico
- Netherlands
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Nuremburg—International Military Tribunal
- Ottoman Empire
- Permanent Court of International Justice
- Poland
- Rwanda
- Rwanda—International Criminal Tribunal
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone—Special Court
- South Africa
- Spain
- Switzerland
- Tokyo—International Military Tribunal for the Far East
- UN Committee Against Torture
- UN Human Rights Committee
- United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Military Courts
- United States
- US Military Tribunals
- USSR
- Yugoslavia
- Yugoslavia—International Criminal Tribunal
- Table of National Legislation and other National Texts
- Argentina
- Australia
- Belgium
- Bosnia-Herzegovina
- British Zone of Control in Germany
- Bulgaria
- Cambodia
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Congo
- Denmark
- El Salvador
- Ethiopia
- France
- Germany
- Indonesia
- Iraq
- Israel
- Italy
- Kosovo
- Lebanon
- Liberia
- Lithuania
- Netherlands
- Netherlands East Indies
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Ottoman Empire
- Peru
- Poland
- Rwanda
- Sierra Leone
- South Africa
- Spain
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- USSR
- Yugoslavia
- Table of Treaties and other International Instruments
- Main Text
- Part A Major Problems of International Criminal Justice
- I How to Face International Crimes
- II Fundamentals of International Criminal Law
- Sources of International Criminal Law
- General Principles of International Criminal Law
- International Criminalization of Prohibited Conduct
- Gender-related Violence and International Criminal Law and Justice
- Modes of International Criminal Liability
- III The Interplay of International Criminal Law and Other Bodies of Law
- Comparative Criminal Law as a Necessary Tool for the Application of International Criminal Law
- The Influence of the Common Law and Civil Law Traditions on International Criminal Law
- Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Definition and Differentiation
- 3 Provisions on International Criminal Responsibility Contained in International Humanitarian Law
- 4 Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law through International Criminal Law: Advantages
- 5 Contribution of International Criminal Law and Justice to the Development of International Humanitarian Law
- A Development of the Law of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Bringing it Closer to IHL of International Armed Conflicts)
- B Clarification of the Line Separating International from Non-International Armed Conflicts
- C Redefinition of the Concept of Protected Persons in International Armed Conflicts
- D Clarification of the Geographical, Material, Temporal and Active and Passive Personal Fields of Application of IHL
- E Interpretation of a Great Number of Substantive Provisions of IHL
- 6 Risks of International Criminal Law and International Criminal Justice for International Humanitarian Law
- 7 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- IV International Criminal Trials
- The Rationale for International Criminal Justice
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Failings of National Courts
- 3 Three Fall-back Alternatives to Territorial Jurisdiction: Resort to Criminal or Civil Courts of Other States or to International Courts
- 4 The Prospect for International Criminal Justice
- Bibliography
- International Criminal Justice in Historical Perspective: The Tension Between States’ Interests and the Pursuit of International Justice
- The International Criminal Court as a Turning Point in the History of International Criminal Justice
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The ICC and Fundamental Principles of Criminal Justice
- B The Unprecedented Emphasis on Nullum Crimen Sine Lege in the ICC Statute
- 3 Cornerstones of the ICC Statute
- 4 Challenges
- A The Crime of Aggression: Completing the Codification
- B Transnational Terrorism: Towards a Third Generation of ICL?
- C The Dangers of a Policy of Quasi-Consensual International Criminal Justice Against Non-state Actors
- D The ICC and National Criminal Courts: Flexible Strategy against Impunity or System of International Criminal Justice?
- E The Amnesty Issue: The Irresolution of Rome
- 5 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- The International Criminal Court and Third States
- Politics and Justice: The Role of the Security Council
- Problematic Features of International Criminal Procedure
- Cooperation of States with International Criminal Tribunals
- Means of Gathering Evidence and Arresting Suspects in Situations of States’ Failure to Cooperate
- International v. National Prosecution of International Crimes
- Judicial Activism v. Judicial Restraint in International Criminal Justice
- The Rationale for International Criminal Justice
- Part B Issues, Institutions, and Personalities
- A
- Abuse of Process (in International Criminal Proceedings)
- Accusatorial v. Inquisitorial Model
- Accused (Rights of)
- Acquittal
- Active Personality Principle
- Actus Reus
- Ad Litem Judges
- Adversarial v. Inquisitorial Model
- Affidavit
- Aggravating Circumstances
- Aggression
- Aiding and Abetting
- Alibi
- Alien Tort Statute
- Amendments to the RPE (ICTY and ICTR)
- American Servicemen Protection Act
- Amicus Curiae
- Amnesty
- Anonymous Witness
- Apartheid as an International Crime
- Appeal
- Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions
- Armed Conflict
- Armenian Genocide
- Armenians (Massacres of)
- Arms Trafficking
- Arrest and Surrender
- Article 98 (ICCSt.) Agreements
- Attack on Civilians
- Attempt
- Aut Dedere Aut Judicare
- B
- C
- Chapeau Elements
- Chapter VII Measures (UN Charter) (with regard to International Tribunals)
- Child Soldiers (Recruitment and Use in Armed Conflict)
- Child Witnesses
- Civilians (Attacks on)
- Civilians (Protection of)
- Civil Remedies for International Crimes
- Code of Conduct for Defence Counsel (Appearing before International Criminal Courts and Tribunals)
- Combatants
- Command Responsibility
- Commission on the Responsibility of Authors of War (Report of)
- Commissions of Inquiry
- Common Article 3
- Compensation to Victims
- Complicity in Genocide
- Concentration Camps
- Conspiracy
- Contempt of Court
- Control Council Law No. 10
- Counsel (Right to)
- Courts Martial
- Crimes Against Humanity
- Cross-examination
- Culpa
- Culpability
- Cumulative Convictions
- D
- Death Penalty (International Crimes)
- De Facto Command
- Defence Counsel
- Defence Counsel Associations (International Bar Associations)
- Defences
- Defendant (Rights of)
- Deferral
- De Jure Command
- Deportation and Forcible Transfer
- Deschênes, Jules
- Detention (Ad Hoc International Tribunals)
- Detention (Conditions of)
- Direct Examination
- Disappearances (Forced)
- Disclosure
- Discovery
- Disqualification
- Documentary Evidence
- Dolus Eventualis
- Dolus Specialis
- Donnedieu De Vabres, Henri
- Double Jeopardy
- Drug Trafficking
- Duress
- Duty to Punish
- E
- East Timor Special Panels
- Effective Control
- Elements of Crimes (in the ICC)
- Enemy Combatants
- Enforced Disappearances
- Enforcement of Sentences
- Equality of Arms
- Ethnic Cleansing
- European Arrest Warrant
- Evidence
- Examination-in-chief
- Exculpatory Evidence
- Ex Post Facto Law
- Excuses and Justifications
- Extenuating Circumstances
- Extermination (as a Crime Against Humanity)
- Extradition
- Extraordinary Chambers of Cambodia
- F
- G
- H
- I
- ICC (Appellate Proceedings)
- ICC (Charges)
- ICC (Complementarity)
- ICC (Deferral)
- ICC (Office of the Prosecutor)
- ICC (Pre-trial Proceedings)
- ICC (Structure and Functioning)
- ICC (Trial Proceedings)
- ICC (Trigger Mechanisms)
- ICTR
- ICTY
- ICTY and ICTR (Appellate Proceedings)
- ICTY and ICTR (Bureau)
- ICTY and ICTR (Completion Strategy)
- ICTY and ICTR (Indictment)
- ICTY and ICTR (Pre-trial Proceedings)
- ICTY and ICTR (Trial Proceedings)
- ICTY and ICTR (Sentencing)
- Immunities of Persons from Jurisdiction
- Immunity of Property
- Impartiality of Judges
- Inchoate Crimes
- Incitement (to Commit Genocide)
- Independence and Impartiality of Tribunals
- Inquiry Commissions
- Inquisitorial v. Accusatorial Model
- Instigation
- Intent
- Interlocutory Appeal
- Internal Armed Conflict
- International Armed Conflict
- International Committee of the Red Cross
- Internationalized Armed Conflict
- Intoxication
- Investigations
- Iraqi High Tribunal
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- National Legislation on International Crimes
- Nationality Principle
- National Security Interests (Protection of)
- Ne Bis in Idem
- Necessity and Duress
- Negligence
- Nexus with Armed Conflict
- Nexus with Widespread and Systematic Attacks
- Nikitchenko, I.T.
- Non-retroactivity
- Nullum Crimen Sine Lege
- Nuremberg International Military Tribunal
- Nuremberg Trial(s)
- O
- P
- Pal, Radhabinod
- Pardon and Commutation of Sentences
- Passive Personality Principle
- Penalties
- Persecution
- Pillage
- Piracy
- Planning
- Presumption of Innocence
- Pre-trial Chamber
- Pre-trial Custody
- Pre-trial Judge (ICTY, ICTR)
- Primacy (of Ad Hoc Tribunals)
- Principle of Legality (General)
- Prisoners of War
- Privileges and Immunities of International Personnel
- Prohibited Weapons
- Proof (Burden of)
- Proportionality
- Prosecutorial Discretion
- Protected Objects
- Protected Persons
- Protective Principle (Jurisdiction)
- Provisional Release
- R
- Rape
- Rebels
- Recklessness
- Recusal of Judges
- Referral
- Registry
- Renditions (Extraordinary)
- Reparations to Victims
- Respect for Human Rights in International Criminal Proceedings
- Retroactive Legislation
- Review Proceedings
- RöLing, Bernardus
- Rome Diplomatic Conference (1998)
- Rule 61 Proceedings (ICTY, ICTR)
- Rules of Procedure and Evidence
- Russell Tribunal
- Rwandan Genocide Cases
- S
- Safe-Conduct
- Self-Defence
- Self-Representation
- Sentencing
- Separate and Dissenting Opinions
- Seriousness
- Servatius, Robert
- Sexual Violence
- Sidhwa, R. S.
- Slavery
- Spanish Legislation on International Crimes
- Special Court for Sierra Leone
- Special Intent
- Special Tribunal for Lebanon
- Specificity of International Criminal Rules
- Standard of Proof
- Statute of Limitations
- Subpoenas
- Superior Orders
- Superior Responsibility
- Surrender
- Suspect
- Suspension of Proceedings by the UN SC
- T
- Targeting (Rules on)
- Taylor, Telford
- Territoriality Principle
- Terror, as found in Galić
- Terrorism
- Timor Leste Special Panels
- Tokyo International Military Tribunal
- Torture
- Totality Principle (in Sentencing)
- Transitional Justice
- Treaty-based Crimes
- Trial in Absentia
- Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (General)
- Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Africa and Asia
- Truth and Reconciliation Commissions in Latin America
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa
- Tu Quoque Principle
- U
- V
- W
- A
- Part C Cases
- A
- A. and Others V. Secretary of State for the Home Department (No. 2)
- Abbaye Ardenne Case
- AbdüL Kerim Bey and Others (Trial for the Deportations from Beyük Dere)
- Afghan Asylum Seekers Case
- Ahlbrecht
- Ahmed Mithad Bey and Others (Trial of the Regional Party Secretaries)
- Akayesu
- Aleksovski
- Allers and Others
- Almelo Case
- Major Legal Points
- Araki and Others
- Ardeatine Caves Massacre Case
- ARLT
- Arrest Warrant Case
- Auschwitz Concentration Camp Case
- Aussaresses
- Azanian Peoples Organization
- B
- B (Germany)
- B (The Netherlands)
- Baba Masao
- Babić
- Bagilishema
- Bagosora (Military I)
- Bahâeddîn Şâkir Bey and Others (Harput trial)
- Banović
- Barayagwiza
- Barbie
- Barnblatt
- Barrios Altos
- Beisky
- Bellmer
- Belsen Trial
- Bisengimana
- Bizimana
- Bizimungu (Government II)
- Bizumutima
- BL.
- Blagojević and Jokić
- Blaškić
- Blaškić Subpoena Proceedings
- Bonini
- Borkum Island Cases
- Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro
- Boudarel
- Bouterse
- Bralo
- Brandt and Others (The Medical Trial or The Doctors’ Trial)
- Brđanin
- British Prosecutions Arising Out of the War in Iraq
- Brown
- Buck and Others
- Buhler
- Butare Case
- Butare Four
- Buzzacott v. Hill
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- Gacumbitsi
- Gaddafi
- Galić
- Galtieri
- Gatanazi
- Gatorano
- Gerike and Others (Velpke Baby Home case)
- Gestapo Informer Case
- Glenn and Hickman
- Gö
- Göbell and Others (Borkum Island case)
- Goldstein
- Göring and Others
- The Historic IMT Trial
- The Four Counts of the Indictment
- The 24 Defendants (Name, Position, Defence Counsel, Charges/Verdict/Sentence, Notes)
- Individual Criminal Responsibility for Acts of State (Art. 7 London Charter)
- Aggression (Art. 6(a) London Charter—including nullum crimen sine lege)
- Conspiracy (Art. 6 London Charter)
- War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity (Art. 6(b) and (c) London Charter)
- Victors’ Justice (one-sided application of law; tu quoque; Katyn)
- The Legacy of Nuremberg
- Addendum: The Six Indicted Organizations and Collective Guilt (Art. 10 London Charter)
- Golkel and Thirteen Others (La Grande Fosse)
- Gozawa and Others
- Grabez
- Main Legal Issues
- Grumpelt (the Scuttled U-Boat case)
- Guatemalan Generals
- Guterres
- Gutweniger
- H
- H.
- H. v. Public Prosecutor.
- H. and Others
- Haase
- Habré
- Hadamar Trial
- Hadžihasanović and Kubura
- Haesiker
- Halilović
- Hamdan
- Hamdi
- Hans
- Haradinaj
- Harlan (Jud Süss case)
- Harput Trial
- Hechingen and Haigerloch Deportation Case
- Hermann
- Herrod
- Heyer and Others (Essen Lynching case)
- Heynen
- High Command Case
- Hinrichsen
- Hinselmann and Others
- Hölzer and Others
- Homma
- Honigman
- Hostage Case
- I
- J
- K
- K.
- K. and M.
- K. and S. (Synagogue case)
- Kadić v. Karadžić
- Kajelijeli
- Kambanda
- Kamuhanda
- Kappler and Others
- Karadžić and Mladić (Rule 61 Proceedings)
- Karamira
- Karemera
- Karera
- Kayishema and Ruzindana
- Keenan
- Kemâl Bey and Tevfîk Bey (Yozgat trial)
- Kesserling
- Killinger and Others (Dulag Luft case)
- Kinder
- Klein and Others (Hadamar trial)
- Knezević
- Köppelmann
- Koppelstätter and Plattner
- Kordić and Čerkez
- Koshiro
- Kotälla
- Kottsiepen
- Kouwenhoven
- Krajišnik
- Kramer and Others (Belsen trial)
- Main Legal Points
- Krnojelac
- Krstić
- Krumkamp
- Main Legal Issues
- Kunarac
- Kupreškić
- Kušljić
- Kuswani and Others
- Kvočka and Others
- L
- M
- M.
- M. and G.
- M. and Others
- Maltauro and Others
- Mälzer and Others (Ardeatine Caves Massacre case)
- Trial Proceedings
- Mcmonagle
- Media Case
- Medical Trial
- Medina
- Mehmed Ali Bey and Others (Trial for the Trabzon Deportations and Massacres)
- Meir
- Mengistu Hailemariam and Others
- Menten
- Meyer (The Abbaye Ardenne case)
- Milch
- Milošević D.
- Milošević S.
- Ministries Case
- Mittermair
- Mitterstieler
- Motosuke
- Mpambara
- Mrða
- Mrkšić and Others
- Mugabe
- Mugesera
- Muhimana
- Muhoza
- Mukantagara
- Mulka and Others (Auschwitz Concentration Camp case)
- Müller and Others (I)
- Müller and Others (II)
- Mundo and Weiss (Trial of Erich Weiss and Wilhelm Mundo)
- Munyeshyaka (case of the Rwandan priest)
- Musema
- Muvunyi
- My Lai Trial
- N
- Nadler and Others
- Nahimana and Others (Media case)
- Naletilić and Martinović
- Natzweiler Trial
- Nazi Atrocities in Kharkov and the Kharkov Region Case
- Ndikumwami
- Ndindiliyimana and Others (Military II case)
- Neddermeier
- Neitz
- Neubacher
- Neumann K. (Dover Castle case)
- Neumann R.
- Ngomambiligi
- Nikolić D.
- Nikolić M.
- Niyitegeka
- Niyonteze
- Niyonzima
- Ntaganda
- Ntagerura and Others (Cyangugu)
- Ntakirutimana
- Nuremberg Trials
- Nwaoga
- Nyiramasuhuko and Others (Butare case)
- Nulyarimma V. Thompson
- Nzabirinda
- Nzabonimana and Ndashyikirwa
- O
- P
- R
- S
- S.
- S. and Others (Hechingen and Haigerloch Deportation case)
- Sa’īd Halīm Paşa and Others, Tal’at Paşa and Others (Trial of the Ottoman Leaders)
- Sablić and Others
- Sandrock and Others (Almelo case)
- Sarić
- Sävecke
- Sawoniuk
- Sch.
- Sch. O.
- Schintlholzer and Fritz
- Schmitt
- Schonfeld and Others
- Schreiner Z.
- Schultz
- Schwarz
- Schwittkowski
- Scilingo
- Scuttled U-Boat Case
- Sebastien
- Sedyono
- Seifert
- Semanza
- Sepúlveda and Others (Sandoval case)
- Sergeant W.
- Seromba
- Serugendo
- Serushago
- Šešelj
- Sharon and Others
- Shimoda and Others
- Sikirica and Others
- Silaen
- Simba
- Simić B. and Others
- Simić M.
- Sipo Case
- Smith
- Soares
- Soedjarwo
- Sokolović
- Sosa
- Spadini
- Stakić
- Stalag Luft III Case
- Stanković
- Stenger and Crusius
- St-Die
- Straub and Others (SIPO case)
- Strauch and Others
- Strugar
- Sudrajat
- Sumida and Others
- Suratman
- Suresh
- Synagogue Case
- T
- V
- W
- Y
- Z
- A
- Part A Major Problems of International Criminal Justice
- Further Material
