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- Preliminary Material
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contents
- Table of Cases and Documents
- I Official Documents and Reports
- II Jurisprudence
- A Second World War Case Law
- B International(ized) Tribunals
- 1 Permanent Court of International Justice
- 2 International Court of Justice
- 3 European Court of Human Rights
- 4 Inter-American Court of Human Rights
- 5 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
- 6 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
- 7 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
- 8 International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
- 9 International Criminal Court
- 10 East Timor Tribunal
- 11 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
- 12 Special Court for Sierra Leone
- 13 Special Tribunal for Lebanon
- 14 Extraordinary African Chambers
- 15 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
- C National Cases
- 1 Argentina
- 2 Australia
- 3 Austria
- 4 Belgium
- 5 Bosnia & Herzegovina
- 6 Canada
- 7 Chile
- 8 Denmark
- 9 Ethiopia
- 10 Estonia
- 11 France
- 12 Germany
- 13 Guatemala
- 14 Israel
- 15 Iraq
- 16 Italy
- 17 Kenya
- 18 Kosovo
- 19 Latvia
- 20 Mexico
- 21 Philippines
- 22 The Netherlands
- 23 Spain
- 24 Serbia
- 25 Switzerland
- 26 South Africa
- 27 United Kingdom
- 28 United States of America
- Main Text
- 1 Towards a Universal Law of International Crimes: General Introduction
- 2 A Short History of the Crime of Genocide
- 3 Genocide under General International Law
- 3.1 Scope of Application—General Considerations
- 3.2 Peace and War
- 3.3 States and Individuals
- 3.4 Temporal and Territorial Framework
- 3.5 Gravity of the Crime
- 3.6 Normative Status
- 3.7 Principles of Interpretation
- 3.8 Exclusion from Refugee Status
- 4 Jurisdiction to Investigate and Prosecute Acts of Genocide
- 5 Duties to Prevent and to Punish Genocide
- 5.1 General Considerations
- 5.1.1 The duties to prevent and punish in the Genocide Convention and under customary international law
- 5.1.2 Those bound by the duties
- 5.1.3 Duty to punish under the ICC regime
- 5.2 Duty to Prevent
- 5.2.1 General considerations
- 5.2.2 Elements of the duty to prevent
- 5.2.2.1 Punishment no alternative to prevention
- 5.2.2.2 Duty of diligence
- 5.2.2.3 Content of duty
- 5.2.2.3.1 Duty to refrain from contributing to acts of genocide
- 5.2.2.3.2 Duty to adopt all measures
- 5.2.2.3.3 Referring of issue to the UN is insufficient
- 5.2.2.3.4 Duty to stop and suppress
- 5.2.2.3.5 Duty to protect one’s population
- 5.2.2.3.6 Unilateral countermeasures
- 5.2.2.3.7 A duty à géometrie variable
- 5.2.2.4 Compliance with the duty
- 5.2.2.5 A right to inaction?
- 5.2.3 Duty to prevent and ‘responsibility to protect’
- 5.2.4 Duty to prevent and complicity in genocide
- 5.3 Duty to Punish
- 5.3.1 General considerations
- 5.3.2 Elements of duty to punish
- 5.3.2.1 General considerations
- 5.3.2.2 Duty to adopt the requisite legal framework
- 5.3.2.3 Duty to do no harm
- 5.3.2.4 Duty to investigate and prosecute
- 5.3.2.5 Duty to punish, delegation of competence, and non-surrender agreements
- 5.3.2.6 Duty to transfer or extradite suspects
- 5.3.2.7 Duty to cooperate
- 5.3.2.8 Duty not to give legal effect to such acts
- 5.3.2.9 Countermeasures and plea of necessity
- 5.1 General Considerations
- 6 Immunities, Amnesties, and Statutes of Limitation
- 7 Contextual Element
- 8 Special Genocidal Intent/Dolus Specialis
- 8.1 General Considerations
- 8.2 Intent ‘To Destroy’
- 8.3 In Whole or In Part
- 8.4 A National, Ethnic, Racial, or Religious Group
- 8.4.1 The group as protected interest
- 8.4.2 Existence and composition
- 8.4.3 Positive definition of protected group
- 8.4.4 National, ethnic, racial, or religious character of group
- 8.5 ‘As Such’
- 9 Establishing Genocidal Intent
- 9.1 Evidential Challenges
- 9.2 Standard of Proof and Drawing of Inferences
- 9.3 Holistic Approach to Assessment of Evidence
- 9.4 Basis for Inference and Relevant Evidential Factors
- 9.4.1 General considerations
- 9.4.2 Evidence of conduct and statements of the accused
- 9.4.3 Genocidal intent of third parties
- 9.4.4 Motives and inference of special intent
- 9.4.5 Method used
- 9.4.6 Initial steps in a genocidal process
- 9.4.7 Other contextual factors
- 9.4.7.1 Scale and number of crimes committed
- 9.4.7.2 Unrealistic goals
- 9.4.7.3 Attacks on cultural and religious objects
- 9.4.7.4 Acts of forcible displacement
- 9.4.7.5 Discriminatory acts
- 9.4.7.6 Plan or policy to commit crimes
- 9.4.7.7 Commission of genocidal acts
- 9.4.7.8 Mental disorder
- 9.4.7.9 ‘Good deeds’
- 10 Punishable Acts
- 10.1 General Observations
- 10.2 Killing Members of the Group
- 10.3 Causing Serious Bodily or Mental Harm to Members of the Group
- 10.4 Deliberately Inflicting on the Group Conditions of Life Calculated to Bring about Its Physical Destruction in Whole or in Part
- 10.5 Imposing Measures Intended to Prevent Births within the Group
- 10.6 Forcibly Transferring Children of the Group to Another Group
- 10.7 Exhaustive Character of the List?
- 11 Genocide, Other Genocidal Acts, and Modes of Participation
- 11.1 General Considerations
- 11.2 Genocide
- 11.3 Conspiracy to Commit Genocide
- 11.4 Direct and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide
- 11.5 Attempt to Commit Genocide
- 11.6 Complicity in Genocide
- 11.7 Other Forms of Criminal Participation?
- 11.7.1 General considerations
- 11.7.2 Other forms of culpable involvement in genocide
- 12 Genocide and Other International Crimes
- 12.1 Genocide in a Nutshell
- 12.2 Genocide and War Crimes
- 12.3 Genocide and Crimes against Humanity
- 12.4 Genocide and Aggression
- 12.5 Genocide and Terrorism
- Further Material
- [3.231.217.107]
- 3.231.217.107
