First published in 1917, this book has long been hailed as a classic and authoritative text. This edition builds on the revision in the sixth edition, and, in recognition of the speed of changes in the field over the last ten years, examines the developments and challenges of modern diplomacy through new chapters on human rights and public/digital diplomacy. Further additions to the seventh edition include the following: the chapters on the history of diplomacy have been expanded to cover modern developments such as the greatly expanded role of multilateral diplomacy; the chapters on international law have been brought up to date, including an examination of latest case studies; the book addresses the greatly expanded number of international organizations, including material on the British EU referendum outcome; and the importance of human rights in international relations as well as public diplomacy receive increased attention, each with its own chapter. The book also includes newly revised chapters on diplomatic communications, privileges, precedence and immunities, diplomatic missions and consular matters, treaties and conferences, and the workings of international tribunals. Furthermore, the volume examines alternative forms of diplomacy, from the work of NGOs to the use of secret envoys, as well as a study of the interaction with intelligence agencies and commercial security firms. Finally, the book highlights the impact of international terrorism and other violent non-state actors on the life and work of a diplomat.