International Personal Data Transfer

1 The concept of ‘international personal data transfer’ (in short, ‘data transfer’) forms part of all European Union (EU) data protection Acts, eg the General Data Protection Regulation (‘GDPR’) (Chapter 5 Regulation (EU) 2016/679), the Law Enforcement Directive (‘LED’) (Chapter V Directive (EU) 2016/680), and the EU Institution Data Protection Regulation (‘EUDPR’) (Chapter 5 Regulation (EU) 2018/1725). Furthermore, it features in other EU legislation dealing with personal and non-personal data, such as the Data Governance Act (‘DGA’) (Chapter VII DGA). Data...