From: Oxford Public International Law (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2023. All Rights Reserved.date: 03 October 2024
This work has been partially supported by ANR-funded I-BioLex project (ANR-20-CE26-0007-01) and by H2020-funded EuroGCT project (GA965241). 1 Transparency (transparency) is opposed to opacity, to secrecy. It is imposed as a requirement of any democratic system of governance. In the pharmaceutical sector (Health Security Principles), societal demand for increased transparency concerns many areas: research and development (‘R&D’) (clinical trials), intellectual property protection, and the results of clinical trials. More transparency is also called for in the...
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