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- Headnote
- Decision [eng]
- Lord Mance:
- I Introduction
- II The claimants’ allegations
- III Summary of conclusions
- IV State immunity
- V Foreign act of state
- VI Three types of foreign act of state
- VII Analysis of the case law
- VIII Application of the first and second types of foreign act of state
- IX Application of third type of foreign act of state
- X Miscellaneous points
- XI Overall Conclusion
- Lord Neuberger: (with whom Lord Wilson agrees)
- Introductory
- The nature of the Doctrine
- The rules identified in the cases
- The cases where the rules have been applied
- Decisions of foreign courts
- The validity of the first rule in relation to property and property rights
- The validity of the second rule in relation to property and property rights
- The validity of the third rule in relation to property and property rights
- The validity of the fourth rule
- Characterisation of the Doctrine:
- Limits and exceptions to the Doctrine: Public Policy
- Limits and exceptions to the Doctrine: Injury to the person
- Limits and exceptions to the Doctrine: Territoriality
- The application of these principles to these cases
- Conclusion
- Lady Hale and Lord Clarke:
- Lord Sumption: (with whom Lord Hughes agrees)
- Introduction
- State Immunity
- Act of state: foundations
- United States cases
- England: the Russian Revolution cases
- Buttes Gas
- Recent decisions
- The search for general principle
- Municipal law act of state
- International law act of state
- Juridical basis
- Incidental unlawfulness
- The judgment of Leggatt J
- The judgment of the Court of Appeal
- Violations of international law or fundamental human rights
- Torture
- Unlawful detention, enforced disappearance and rendition
- Other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
- Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
- Disposition
- Lord Mance:
- [44.222.131.239]
- 44.222.131.239
