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Irredentism »

Francesco Palermo
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
National liberation movements — Territory, acquisition and transfer
1 The concept of irredentism describes a political and ideological movement aiming at unifying the nation ( Nations ) by reclaiming lost populations and territories ( Territory, Acquisition ). Irredentist claims intend to liberate from foreign control areas which are believed to belong to the motherland because of ethnic ( Ethnicity ) or linguistic ties, for geographical or historical reasons, or due to a previous possession. The term was created by Italian nationalists who claimed Italian sovereignty over territories retained by Austria after the third war of...

Nagorny-Karabakh »

Andriy Y Melnyk
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
States, independence — Recognition of states — Sovereignty — Territory, title — Territory, acquisition and transfer — Armed conflict — Aggression
1 In terms of international law Nagorny-Karabakh is part of the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan currently under effective control of the ‘Nagorno-Karabakh Republic’ (‘NKR’), an unrecognized de facto self-governing State-like entity. The legal status of Nagorny-Karabakh is contested by the Republic of Armenia and is the subject of Armenian-Azerbaijani negotiations under the auspices of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) . Historically and geographically Nagorny-Karabakh mainly concurs with the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast...

South Ossetia »

Angelika Nußberger
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
States, independence — Jurisdiction of states, conflicts — Jurisdiction of states, territoriality principle — Sovereignty — Recognition of states — Self-determination — Territory, title — Secession
1 South Ossetia (called ‘Tskhinvali region’ or ‘Samachablo’ by Georgia) is a territory of 3900 square kilometres located within the Caucasus. Its status in international law is controversial. Whereas South Ossetia considers itself to be an independent State since its declaration of independence on 29 May 1992 and has been recognized by five Member States of the United Nations (UN) in the aftermath of the military conflict between Russia and Georgia in 2008 (Russian Federation, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, and Tuvalu), the Georgian government as well as the...

Yugoslavia, Dissolution of »

Stefan Oeter
Content type
Encyclopedia entries
Product
Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law [MPEPIL]
Subject(s)
Recognition — State succession — States, independence — Secession — Self-determination — Horizontal effect — Crimes against humanity — Genocide — Geneva Conventions 1949 — War crimes — Armed conflict — Practice and procedure of international organizations — Humanitarian intervention
1 The State of Yugoslavia was founded in 1918, as a consequence of World War I, under the name ‘Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes’ (renamed as ‘Kingdom of Yugoslavia’ in 1929). In essence it was a result of ‘Realpolitik’—the Kingdom of Serbia , as the main Balkan ally of the victorious entente, was enlarged by the southern Slav territories that had been ruled formerly by the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (except Istria and parts of the Dalmatian coast, as well as Carinthia). Although formally declared as the joint State of all the southern Slav peoples, in its...